How Industrial Chemicals Power Modern Manufacturing and Daily Life
Industrial chemicals are a driving force behind the modern industrial world. They serve as essential components in a wide range of manufacturing processes and play a crucial role in enabling innovation. These chemicals ensure efficient production workflows and support the development of advanced manufacturing technologies. From cutting-edge semiconductor chips with 3nm architecture to anti-corrosion coatings and high-efficiency fertilizers used in agriculture, industrial chemicals are at the core of these advancements.
These chemicals are integrated into nearly every aspect of modern life. They are found in pharmaceuticals, household paints, smartphones, vehicles, and even the fabrics of the clothes we wear. Industrial chemicals help products last longer, perform better, and meet the high-performance standards expected today. Simply put, they are the foundation of durable, high-quality, and efficient products across every major industry.
Top 10 Industrial Chemicals:
1) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
2) Nitrogen (N2)
3) Ethylene (C2H4)
4) Oxygen (O2)
5) Propylene (C3H6)
6) Chlorine (Cl2)
7) Ethylene Dichloride (C2H2Cl2)
8) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
9) Ammonia (NH3)
10) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
1. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Sulfuric acid is the most consumed industrial chemical in the world. The agriculture sector consumes the most sulfuric acid to produce fertilizers. It is also used to produce detergents, lead-acid automotive batteries, dyes, pigments, explosives, and other chemicals like hydrochloric acid (HCL).
Sulfuric acid is used in other important industrial processes, such as etching and cleaning semiconductor chips and printed circuit boards. It is also used in petroleum refining and acts as a reactant in rayon and nitroglycerin.
The demand for sulfuric acid is expected to grow in industries such as the automotive, electrical and electronics, and fertilizer industries.
The above-mentioned applications make sulfuric acid one of the most consumed industrial chemicals.
The United States is one of the largest sulfuric acid producers; 7.6 million tons of elemental sulfur is produced in the United States each year, of which 90% is consumed in sulfuric acid production.
2. Nitrogen (N2)
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless inert gas and constitutes 78% (by volume) of the air we breathe. Due to its inert properties, it is commonly used as a blanketing gas that protects oxygen-sensitive products from oxidizing by covering the product.
In industrial scenarios, liquid nitrogen is highly used in various applications, such as the production of steel and other metals, as a coolant for scientific experiments, reactor cooling, and flour and dough cooling in the food industry.
The food industry is one of the largest nitrogen consumers in gas and liquid form. Nitrogen gas is used in food packaging to increase the shelf life of packaged food, and liquid nitrogen is used in refrigerated trucks to keep food fresh and avoid food contact with the air.
In the healthcare industry, liquid nitrogen is used to freeze blood samples and tissues. Several liquid nitrogen products are made for tissue relaxing during strain or internal wounds.
3. Ethylene (C2H4)
Ethylene is a petrochemical produced in large volumes globally. Nearly 95% of the annual commercial ethylene is produced by steam cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons. Various feedstocks, such as propane, ethane, butane, gas oils, and naphtha, are used to produce ethylene. Naphtha is a key raw material in ethylene production, with nearly 80% of the ethylene produced in the US, Europe, and Japan by naphtha alone. There has been a growing demand for bio-ethylene with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
India’s ethylene production is growing at a CAGR of 11.04% over the past five years. Most of the ethylene produced goes into the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). In 2022, polyethylene production consumed 84.38% of the ethylene in India. LLDPE accounts for the largest production volume of 3,497 thousand metric tons or 54.52% share of ethylene consumption.
While most commercially produced ethylene is used to produce polymers and industrial chemicals, a small amount is utilized in the controlled ripening of citrus fruits, tomatoes, bananas, and many other fruits and vegetables.
Ethylene is also used to produce ethylene glycol, polystyrene for packaging and insulation, ethanol for industrial use, polyester, and synthetic rubber, among other things.
4. Oxygen (O2)
Oxygen in industries is mainly utilized in the combustion process. Commercially produced oxygen is used in oxyacetylene and oxyhydrogen welding torches.
Oxygen is also used in chemical industries to break down hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons like ethylene, propylene, and acetylene, which are later utilized in the production of paints, plastics, and other products.
Rockets are fueled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. The oxygen tank used to launch a space shuttle contains around 550,000 liters of liquid oxygen.
Other industries that use oxygen gas or liquid oxygen include medical, paper and pulp, water treatment, metal production, glass, and the chemical industry.
Air Liquide has the largest oxygen plant in the world and is a global leader in producing industrial gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Russia, France, South Africa, India, the United States, and China are some of the major oxygen producers globally.
5. Propylene (C3H6)
Propylene, also known as propene, is a highly versatile hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₃H₆. This colorless gas has a faint petroleum-like odor and is highly flammable. It is primarily produced through catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and often emerges as a byproduct during petroleum refining and natural gas processing. Propylene serves as a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of numerous industrial chemicals and materials.
One of the primary uses of propylene is in the production of polypropylene, a widely utilized thermoplastic polymer. Known for its durability, chemical resistance, and flexibility, polypropylene is essential in manufacturing packaging materials, automotive parts, textiles, and everyday consumer products. Approximately two-thirds of the global supply of propylene is dedicated to making polypropylene.
Beyond polypropylene, propylene is a vital raw material for creating several other key chemicals, including propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, cumene, and acrylic acid. Propylene oxide is used to produce polyurethanes, which are found in furniture, car components, and insulation. Acrylonitrile is essential for manufacturing acrylic fibers for textiles, plastic components in electronics and vehicles, and synthetic rubber. Cumene is processed into phenol and acetone, both used in producing adhesives, polymers, and resins.
Propylene also plays a major role in the production of isopropyl alcohol, a common solvent used in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and household cleaners. Additionally, propylene is used to manufacture plasticizer alcohols, which are found in coatings, flexible plastics, and adhesives. Its application extends to surface coatings, sealants, and superabsorbent polymers used in hygiene products like diapers and sanitary pads—highlighting its widespread industrial significance.
6. Chlorine (Cl2)
Chlorine (Cl2) is one of the top-consumed chemicals in the world. It is mainly produced through the electrolysis of sodium chloride brine. A yellow-green gas known for its pungent smell, chlorine is a key ingredient in various industrial applications due to its high reactivity and oxidizing potential.
Its density is approximately 2.5 times greater than air, and owing to this reason, it remains close to the ground. Even though it’s not flammable, chlorine can produce explosive compounds with acetylene and ammonia, requiring careful handling and storage.
Chlorine is extensively used in water treatment and disinfection processes. It is necessary for treating sewage and industrial waste and cleaning drinking water to protect public health and the environment. Its function in sanitation also includes swimming pools, which use chlorine and its derivatives to keep the water clean.
Chlorine is widely used in the chemical industry to produce various goods. Because of its strong oxidizing ability, chlorine is a vital component used in producing industrial bleaches and disinfectants. It is also essential for synthesizing insecticides, chlorides, and chlorinated solvents. It is also used in the synthesis of polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants.
Chlorine is used in industrial processes to whiten and purify paper and textiles, thereby improving their appearance and quality. It is also dissolved in water in household cleaning solutions, which makes it an important chemical for daily sanitation and hygiene. It is an important chemical that is used in both industrial and household applications. Chlorine production has observed significant growth in India, with 1900 thousand metric tons in 2018 and 2499 thousand metric tons in 2022. The global demand for chlorine is likely to grow at a CAGR of 4.1% by 2030.
7. Ethylene Dichloride (C2H2Cl2)
Ethylene dichloride (EDC), or 1,2-dichloroethane, is an oily, colorless liquid with a sweet smell that is mainly produced when ethylene is chlorinated. EDC is a key raw material for producing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). PVC is also produced from EDC, which is well known for its toughness and adaptability, and is crucial to the building sector.
In addition to PVC, ethylene dichloride is essential for producing polystyrene, a valuable synthetic polymer. A wide range of consumer goods and packaging materials are made with polystyrene. Applications for EDC include the creation of specific dry-cleaning fluids that use their solvent qualities to efficiently clean textiles without the need for water. Because of this, EDC is essential to preserving the hygiene and aesthetics of textiles.
EDC makes shower curtains, flooring, and synthetic rubber possible. It is also used to create synthetic rubber, which is essential for making a variety of goods, including industrial gaskets and car tires.
Considering its wide range of industrial uses, it is categorized as a human carcinogen. Prolonged exposure to elevated levels can cause major health problems, such as damage to the kidneys and liver. Thus, to reduce potential risks and guarantee the safety of both employees and the environment, stringent safety procedures and legal requirements are necessary during its manufacturing, storage, and usage.
8. Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
Phosphoric acid is made from phosphate rock by wet or thermal processes. Nearly 80% of the global phosphoric acid is produced by wet processes.
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is used for many consumer, industrial, and agricultural purposes. One of the major applications of phosphoric acid is the phosphate salts used in fertilizers. This acid is present in around 8% of the fertilizers used in the agricultural sector, making it one of the most important ingredients for fostering plant development and growing crop yields. Furthermore, phosphoric acid is frequently used in animal feed, offering vital nutrients to cattle and chickens and helping promote their well-being and efficiency.
In the Pharmaceutical industry, phosphoric acid is used as an intermediate for various medicines like antinausea medicines, mouthwash products, and teeth whitening. Dentists use phosphoric acid as a dental procedure to clean teeth.
Phosphoric acid use in the food industry is quite popular. It is used in various products like cheese, processed meat, jams, cereal bars, and cold drinks, among others.
Phosphoric acid is widely used in the rust-removal process of steel, iron, and other metals. The rust that covers metal is transformed into a black compound once it comes in contact with phosphoric acid, and can be wiped easily.
Owing to its versatility, phosphoric acid demand is growing globally. East Asia is the largest producer of phosphoric acid, with around 30 billion tons produced in 2022.
9. Ammonia (NH3)
Ammonia is one of the most commonly produced industrial chemicals globally. It is an essential biological ingredient that acts as a precursor for ammonia acid, and nucleotide synthesis. Ammonia is part of the nitrogen cycle and is produced in soil from bacterial processes. In its pure form, it is known as anhydrous ammonia and is hygroscopic in nature (i.e., it rapidly absorbs moisture from the environment).
More than 70% of the commercially produced ammonia is used as fertilizers. It is also used as refrigerant gases, for purifying water supplies, and for manufacturing products like explosives, plastics, textiles, dyes, pesticides, and other chemicals.
It is used in the production of nitric acid, certain dyes, sulfa drugs, cosmetics, vitamins, and synthetic textiles like rayon and nylon, among other things.
China is the largest producer of ammonia, with nearly 15% share, followed by Russia, the United States, India, and Brazil. In 2021, there were 490 active ammonia plants in more than 64 countries, with an annual production of around 185 million metric tons.
The companies with the largest production capacities are BASF SE, CF Industries Holdings Inc., CSBP Limited, EuroChem, Group DF, Gujarat State Fertilizer & Chemicals Limited, IFFCO, Koch Industries Inc., Nutrien, OCI Nitrogen, PJSC Togliattiazot, PT Pupuk Srivijaya Palembang (Pusri), Qatar Fertiliser Company, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited, SABIC, and Yara.
10. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium Hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda, is a strong base that finds applications across various industries due to its highly reactive and versatile nature. It is used in the petroleum industry to increase the pH of drilling mud, making it more viscous in nature. Many countries use it to help remove sulfur impurities from low-grade crude oil. It is also used in the paper-making industry in the digestion and bleaching of wood fibers. Sodium hydroxide is used for the decomposition of waste and dead bodies of animals that are killed on roads.
Sodium hydroxide finds applications in various day-to-day applications like the production of soaps and food products like hominy, Chinese noodles, and German pretzels. Its most common and simple application is the production of NaCl or common salt. In homes, it is also used to clean ovens and drain cleaner.
It is used as an industrial cleaning agent, especially in degreasing equipment. It is also used in fuel cell production and many other applications. The growing application of sodium hydroxide will likely boost its demand in the coming years.
The age-old practice of storing and preserving vegetable seeds comes in handy for gardeners who want to grow their favourite cultivars year in and year out without spending too much money and energy. Apart from ensuring that there is a supply of seeds for the next planting seasons, this reduces the risk of extinction of genetic and heirloom varieties that are adapted to the local region. There are also benefits because being able to save the seeds enables one to plant only the best cultivars out of the many ones produced in the garden.
Moreover, it takes not only knowledge but also practical skills in different plant anatomy and methods of collecting data, as well as precautions in both the manipulations of seeds and their storage for successful seed preservation. Seeds have a defined durability and are constructed as live embryos covered with shells, which protect them from certain stresses – humidity, light, temperature, and others. The proper energy state of the storage environment is particularly necessary for the seeds health and preservation of germination ability in them.
Seed preservation trends have evolved from simple measures like drying, which was employed by early humanists, to complex systems that involve control of temperatures and humidity levels. These practices have become very important not only to individual horticulturists but also to the whole world in which there are seed banks, that are in the process of preserving food crops’ genetic diversity. By knowing the right techniques for harvesting, purifying, drying and preserving seeds in the garden, the planter can be more self-reliant and more environmentally friendly. This method has also increased the production of various plant and vegetable seeds in many regions, for instance, as per the USDA, China’s hybrid corn seed production in 2022/23 reached 1,360,000 metric tons (MT) a 31% increase from that of MY2021/22. Additionally, hybrid rice seed production increased to 280,000 MT in MY2022/23 a 5% growth compared to MY2021/22.
Steps to store and preserve vegetable seeds for future planting are as follows:
Collecting Seeds
Cleaning Seeds
Drying Seeds
Storing Seeds
Testing Seed Viability
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Collecting Seeds
choosing and collecting the best seeds is the first and the most crucial step in preserving the seeds’ quality. This ensures that the material to be used in the beginning is of the highest quality and is viable.
The seeds should be gathered when fully matured. This is because quite often young seeds do not possess the required nutrients; within which they are expected to germinate. The sower should ensure that the seeds of most vegetables are left to ripe on the plant. Bean plants and pea plants, for example, should be salvaged when the pods are dry and rented.
Moreover, in the search for seeds, only the strong and healthy plants exhibiting the required traits and characteristics i.e. better yield, bigger size, taste, and pest resistance among others should be used. Though discouraging and wasteful, freezing seeds from diseased or weak plants will increase the chance of the next generations carrying such traits which is likely to hinder future growth. People should propagate natural selection by choosing the best plants and their seeds for planting to maintain or even improve the quality of the crops over time.
2. Cleaning Seeds
After gathering the seeds, the next step is to clean them. The cleaning approach depends on whether the seeds are from wet or dry fruits.
For Dried Seeds:
Plants that produce commercially viable seeds such as lettuce, beans, peas and peppers produce seeds that are already dry when harvested. Very little cleaning is required as one simply has to remove the seeds from the peal or pod and there is no debris present. Nonetheless, the aspect of cleaning is crucial since irrespective of the time the seeds are meant to be kept, there are possibilities of mould or pest infections and therefore it is recommended that storage be cleaned.
For Moisture-laden Seeds:
The seeds are found in the pulp of edible fruits such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and squash. The gel coating of such seeds needs to be cleared by use of fermentation. After the seeds have been removed from the fruit and placed in a container filled with water, allow it to sit at room temperature for two to four days. Once every day traces of water are removed from the container and fresh water is put in. After fermentation, the pulp and non-fertile seeds are pushed to the surface while the good seeds settle at the bottom. After rinsing them thoroughly and removing all the impurities, allow the seeds to dry on their own.
3. Drying Seeds
Drying is one of the most important steps to take in averting seed rot and mould in the course of their storage. Introduce moisture to seeds when they are being stored and their viability will be diminished.
The cleaned seeds should be spread out on a clean and dry surface such as a plate lined up with parchment paper or placed on a mesh tilted screen, in a warm, preferably ventilated space. Occasionally, toss them around to promote uniform drying. Paper towels can be protrusive as well to the seeds thus do not use them to cover the seeds. If these seeds are cooled and the end product is hard and brittle, it means that they have been thoroughly dried.
Moreover, a sower who lives in a humid atmosphere, or simply wants to be on the safe side, can use silica gel to assist in drying. Deposit the seeds in an airtight container along with silica gel sachets for some days. This helps in taking in any excess moisture which could compromise the viability of the seeds in storage.
4. Storing Seeds
To ensure the continued usefulness of seeds in the future, storage is essential. Seeds can endure moisture, changes in temperature, and even pest infestation provided they are stored under the appropriate conditions.
The ideal storage space for seeds can be described as free of moisture and relatively cool. The most recommended ambient temperatures are those ranging between 0 and 5 degrees Celsius, with very low relative humidity. In most cases, the sum of the temperature measured in Fahrenheit and that of the relative humidity expressed in percentage should be less than or equal to one hundred. Higher levels of humidity together with high temperature may activate the seeds to begin sprouting while still in storage or may encourage fungus in the seeds.
Moreover, the most important aspect of moisture prevention within containers is sealing. In order to store the seeds properly glass jars, plastic containers or even vacuum bags will do just fine. If more than one type is put in a jar, use paper bags or small envelopes for segregation purposes. In order to maintain the quality of the seeds, it is imperative that they are well sealed to prevent entry or moisture.
Furthermore, each container must be tagged with the seed type, varieties and date of collection. The efforts in planning the garden are less when the seeds and their viability are recorded. This is especially true for the seeds where there are several different types, it is easy to lose track of the seeds when they were collected and their current whereabouts.
5. Testing Seed Viability
Seed viability naturally declines over time. In order to maximize efficiency and avoid unnecessary expenditure of space and effort, it is important to determine the germination rate of one’s seeds prior to implantation.
To assess viability In the case of the germination test, a moist paper towel is continued after rolling up putting 10 seeds and placing them in a plastic bag to retain moisture. Then, place the contents in a warm place and check back after 7-10 days. If seven or more seeds were germinated, then the seeds are considered viable. Count the number of seeds that have sprouted. If not that many sprout, then the seeds may need to be replaced with more than the desired amount or planted with more seeds than necessary to achieve enough plants.
In conclusion, storing and preserving vegetable seeds is a worthwhile hobby for every gardener. This way gardening can be easier and cheaper and more importantly they will help to promote green practices. To achieve this: collect seeds from the best plants, properly clean and dry the seeds, store them in cool dry places, and perform germination tests on those seeds for further use. Thus, they guarantee sustainable healthy productive seeds for the next planting season. Where they can avoid buying seeds, maintain the biodiversity in their garden and enjoy cultivating plants from seeds well tended to over time.
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/vegetable-seed-market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-09 08:38:062024-10-09 09:11:53How to Store and Preserve Vegetable Seeds for Future Planting
The global fiber market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period (2024-2029).
A fiber is a type of thin thread, use is generally made using a natural or artificial substance. The term fiber is usually applied to material, that has a long, thin shape, and is generally used to manufacture fabrics. There are two basic categories of fibers, synthetics and natural. The natural fibers, like the cottons, silk, jute, animal fur, and hemp, are obtained through cultivating, whereas the synthetic fibers, like the rayon, polyesters, and acrylic, are manufactured completely, or partially with synthetic materials, like chemicals. Rayon has various properties similar to natural silk, but this material is a cheaper alternative to silk. Rayon is generally obtained from wood pulps and is infused with cotton, or wool, to prepare various types of fabrics. Nylon is a complete synthetic fiber, that has various properties like elasticity, lightweight, and easy maintenance.
One of the major drivers for the increase in the market demand for fibers in the global market is the increase in synthetic fiber utilization in the world. The global increase in the adoption of the fast fashion industry gave rise to the demand for cheaper fabric items and increased the market size of synthetic fiber. Similarly, the increase in governmental initiatives to boost the demand for synthetic fibers, all across the globe also boosted the demand for fiber in the global market. For instance, the textile and fiber industry in India has a great contribution to the nation’s GDP. The India Brand Equity Foundation’s data reveals that the nation’s man-made fiber or synthetic fiber industry contributes about 17% of the total textile industry in the nation. The nation’s synthetic or man-made fiber export reached about US$ 5.78 billion, in the year 2022-23, giving a boost to the global synthetic fiber industry.
The increasing demand for fibers around the globe increased the investments by various companies in the research and development of new materials, that can offer cost-effective and comfortable experiences to the consumer. In May 2024, the Indian textile manufacturer, Shahi Export, and Little King Global Taiwan’s sportswear fabric manufacturer partnered together to establish a synthetic fiber processing facility in India. The companies through this partnership aim to produce synthetic performance fabrics in this facility. Similarly, in June 2023, Advansa came into a joint venture with Asia Pacific Fibes, to launch their new premium sports and activewear fiber Remotion. The companies stated that their new fiber is produced completely from ocean-bound waste materials, like plastic bottles.
The global fiber market by type is segmented into natural fibers, synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers, specialty fibers, and others. Under the global fiber market, the synthetic fiber category of the type segment is estimated to attain the maximum share. Natural fiber is obtained from sources like plants and animal products, whereas synthetic fiber is manufactured using various chemicals. One of the major factors driving the growth of synthetic fiber in the fiber market is the increasing global trend toward animal-free products, which is going to reduce the use of natural fiber in the global market. Synthetic fiber can be manufactured at a lower cost than natural and regenerated fiber and can be produced in a larger quantity. The synthetic fiber is generally stronger and durable than the natural fibers. These fibers absorb less water and are quick to dry.
Based on geography, the global fiber market is expanding significantly in the Asia-Pacific region, as the region is one of the biggest fabric and fiber exporters of the globe. Countries like India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, are among the largest producers and exporters of natural fibers, like silk, cotton, and wool. These nations have also invested heavily, to increase the production and export capability of these natural synthetics in the regions. Similarly, countries like India, China, Bangladesh, and Vietnam, are among the global fabric manufacturing hubs, producing fabrics materials, and finished products, which are further shipped all around the globe. The governments of nations like India and Bangladesh have also increased their domestic subsidies for textile exports, which further boosted the textile production in the region, increasing the demand for the fibers in the regions.
The global fiber market is supported by key players such as The Fibre Co., Natural Fiber Company, Blu Fiber Company, Camellia Fiber Company, LYCRA, Infinited Fiber, AFRY, Stein Fibers Ltd., Secant Group, and Atlantis Fiber.
This analytics report segments the global fiber market as follows:
By Type
Natural Fibers
Synthetic Fibers
Regenerated Fibers
Specialty Fibers
Others
By Geography
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Rest of South America
Europe
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Rest of Europe
Middle East and Africa
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Rest of Middle East and Africa
Asia-Pacific
China
India
Japan
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Indonesia
Rest of Asia-Pacific
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Fiber-Market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-08 13:00:072024-10-08 13:00:07Fiber Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.1%
A device known as a power inverter converts the direct current (DC) power from the battery, which is used to run the electric motor, into alternating current (AC). The electric motors used in the eenvios, which are predominantly used in electric vehicles, are power adaptable and hence require an inverter to convert the DC gotten from the battery pack to the AC three-phase current which the motors operate on.
Moreover, inverters serve the purpose of controlling the speed, torque and power output of the electric motor. This is accomplished by controlling both the frequency and amplitude of the AC signal to provide the vehicle with tight control over its dynamics and performance.
Energy storage systems, electronic systems, and efficiency improvements have given a new lease of life to electric vehicles (EVs). The global power inverter is one of the core components that facilitates and enhances the use of electric vehicles. The power inverter is a crucial device that connects the battery to the electric motor. It converts the stored energy ready in the battery into useful energy for movement. This article will consider the role of power inverters in enhancing the capabilities of the electric vehicle and their design principles as well as impacts on power, efficiency and vehicle dynamics which also lead to the sales of electric vehicles. For instance, in 2023, there were about 14 million new electric vehicles registered worldwide, bringing the total number of electric vehicles on the road to 40 million.
Figure 1: Electric Vehicles Sales, in Millions, China, 2022 T0 2023
Source: IEA
Power inverters enhance the electric vehicle performance in the following ways:
Battery Charging Systems and Power Electronics
Energy Management and Regenerative Braking
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Battery Charging Systems and Power Electronics
An important aspect related to electric vehicles (EVs) is the provision of rapid charging facilities for the safe operation of EVs. This process is mainly under the responsibility of power electronics systems, which enable the control, incorporation, and management of electrical energy when charging takes place.
Power electronics are one of the important elements in both onboard and offboard EV charging systems. For example, in the case of onboard chargers, AC/DC power electronic converters are used to change the mains AC voltage supplied to the charger to a DC voltage required for charging the vehicle battery. Which involves rectification and a further DC-DC conversion to obtain the desired voltage level and control the current to the battery. To avoid damaging the battery and ensure its serviceability over time, the charging process, thanks to which the battery is recharged, has to be adjusted to the battery’s charge profile – such procedures mostly include several sections of constant voltage and current charging.
Moreover, the off-board charging systems, such as DC fast-charging stations, are considerably enhanced by the science of power electronics. Power electronic converters within these systems convert the input AC power supply to a high-voltage DC output capable of directly charging a vehicle’s battery without the need for an onboard charger. Power electronics are also applied in the form of sophisticated control strategies which control the charge rate to the battery, and help avoid any damage to the battery.
With the advent of bidirectional charging technology or Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), the function of power electronics in EV battery charging has become even more intricate and developed. Power electronics are also designed in these systems to charge the vehicle and to supply back the power from the vehicle battery to the house or grid in case of peak demand or blackouts. Power electronics alter the power to go with the flow from the car’s battery to the primary coil, secondary coil, and the grid in wireless charging structures for electric cars. This incorporates procedures along with rectification, and inversion and manages to make certain powerful energy transfers without compromising standards and safety methods.
2. Energy Management and Regenerative Braking
Electric vehicles use energy management which means managing various power flows in a complex manner and using power electronics for that matter. The major objective in such energy fluid management systems is to apportion the power supplied by the battery to drive the electric motor of the car, the heating ventilation air conditioning system (HVAC), and other auxiliary systems. Moreover, how to recover energy during regenerative braking is also a factor in this management of energy.
Moreover, regenerative braking is the conversion of a vehicle’s kinetic energy which is mostly wasted as heat during braking and redistributing it back into the battery for later use. It is an efficient means of extending the range of electric vehicles and reducing the wear and tear of mechanical brakes. In the case of regenerative braking, power electronics are a must. The inverter has to be controlled with precision to maintain the stability of operation, providing the battery with the right amount of charge and sufficient braking. Control Algorythms generally part of the Electronic Control Unit ECUs, have to deal with many variables such as the ‘braking’ demand from the driver, and also how much charge is currently held by the battery.
In addition, electric vehicles also have power electronics as a component of their energy management system (EMS) which decides how energy contained in the battery can be sent to different loads in the car efficiently. This distribution needs to be flexible and adaptable to the surroundings and the inputs of the driving force. For example, while driving at an excessive pace or accelerating fast, greater electricity desires to be focused on the drive motor. However, at slower speeds, greater power may be directed toward auxiliary systems like air con.
For instance, power electronic converters which include DC-DC converters are used to manipulate power flows to numerous vehicle subsystems and deliver the proper voltage levels. Sophisticated algorithms regulate those converters that allow to maximize energy performance, boom riding distance, and maintain automobile performance.
Case Study:
Wireless EV Charging with WiTricity
The wireless charging of electric vehicle batteries is a creative application of power electronics by the tech firm WiTricity. Resonant inductive coupling is a technique of wireless power transfer involving Faraday’s law of induction to transfer power from a charger embedded on the ground to a receiver mounted on a vehicle. Such power transfer through power electronics is mostly employed to power the components and change the resonance of the transmitter and the receiver.
The ease of cable-free charging is provided by this technology, which also has the potential to be integrated into public infrastructure to enable seamless charging of vehicles while they are parked or even moving.
In conclusion, the power inverter is a fundamental factor in the enhancement of electric vehicles. It is required for speed and torque control to work, improves overall efficiency, and facilitates the transformation of the DC from the battery to AC for the motor, among many other functions that help enhance the overall experience of driving. The market for inverters is being driven by a focus on semiconductor technology improvement, power density increase and better control, which give a lot more power and agility to electric vehicles.
Developments in the design and technology of electric vehicle power inverters will determine the growth of the electrification of automotive propulsion. Which in turn will be easy with growth in electric vehicle manufacturing. The Inverter technology in the future perspective would bode well for the next generations of EVs making them easy, cost-effective and efficient in performance. This will include new materials as well as better heat management concepts.
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/electric-vehicle-power-inverter-market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-07 07:08:122024-10-07 07:20:20The Role of Power Inverters in Enhancing Electric Vehicle Performance
The electric arc furnace market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.64% during the forecasted period, with a market valuation of US$1,280.556 million in 2024, and is expected to reach US$1,684.849 billion by 2029.
Throughout the forecast period, steady growth in the electric arc furnace is expected. This industrial machinery melts and purifies metals by creating an electric arc using electricity. An arc is produced between two graphite and carbon electrodes. This arc can produce temperatures as high as 3500°C.
When making steel, aluminium, copper, lead, and other metal products, electric arc furnaces are used in the process. Utilizing electric arc furnaces has several advantages, such as lower capital costs, flexibility, and efficient steel production through the reduction of carbon emissions. The steel demand has driven the electric arc furnace market’s expansion, especially with increases in metallurgical coal prices and more individuals investing in these furnaces.
Since it is widely used in various industries, therefore steel demand is a significant contributor to the increment of electric arc furnace market. In infrastructure development or building construction, automobile manufacturing and other sectors that need heavy material extraction such as mining or quarrying, steel plays an important role. Urbanization and industrialization affect steel production. The main method for making steel is an electric arc furnace since it has better efficiency and flexibility.
Unlike the traditional blast furnace method, electric arc furnaces had a quicker production time, thus making it possible for the metal in an electric furnace could be heated more easily. For example, the Worldwide Steel Association reported a worldwide crude steel production of 1,888.2 million tons in January 2024 which is close to the year 2023.
Further, there is growing competition for electric arc furnaces as more investments go into creating the latest generation electrically powered furnaces which reduce carbon emissions, as well as research and development. Improved on all fronts, that is to say, better and bigger electric arc furnaces will be produced sometime later as a result of these R&D investments.
Additionally, one of the loops created over the market by offering environmentally friendly electric arc furnaces that would help manufacturers and the environment is the investment criteria. For example, ArcelorMittal invested 67 million euros in its Belval site in June 2023. The company views the new Belval electric arc as a significant project because it emphasizes efficiency and will increase production output, which is expected to reach 2.5 million tons annually.
The electric arc furnace market, by type, is divided into two types- DC arc furnace and AC arc furnace. Currently leading the industry, DC arc furnaces are anticipated to continue doing so throughout the projection period. DC arc furnaces are more energy-efficient than AC arc furnaces because they provide precise control over the electrical energy input, which raises efficiency and lowers energy consumption. As such, they hold a substantial portion of the worldwide EAF market and are expected to continue holding this position for some time to come.
Although they have a sizable market share as well, AC arc furnaces are more appealing to smaller operations or companies on a tighter budget because of their lower initial investment costs. Furthermore, some alloys and materials melt particularly well in AC arc furnaces.
The electric arc furnace market, by application, is divided into two types: Non–ferrous metal and ferrous metal. Due to their financial benefits, electric arc furnaces have grown in popularity in this industry, providing a sensible and affordable substitute for conventional blast furnaces. Manufacturers can quickly respond to market demands due to their ability to accommodate different steel grades and efficiently recycle scrap steel. Furthermore, their lower carbon emissions complement sustainability goals and fit in with the worldwide movement toward more environmentally friendly industrial processes.
The electric arc furnace market, by capacity, is divided into five types: Up to 100 Tons, 100-200 Tons, 200 – 300 Tons, 300 – 400 Tons, and more than 400 Tons. Most likely, the electric arc furnace market share that is highest will be found in the up to 100 tons segment. This is because it can effectively balance production capacity and operational flexibility, which makes it ideal for a wide range of applications from integrated steel plants to foundries. Further, because they can handle higher production volumes than smaller EAFs while still providing operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, 200-300 tons EAFs also hold a sizable portion of the market.
During the projected timeframe, it is anticipated that the market for electric arc furnaces will experience remarkable growth within North America. In this area, there is an important steel producer who manufactures steel which is utilized to create various products in various sectors. Among the different areas that are characterized by rapid urbanization and industrialization are China, India and Japan This has an impact on the growth of the electric furnace market in the region by necessitating increased steel production for infrastructure development and construction. In the coming years, the market for electric arc furnaces will be driven by increased investment in the area.
For example, Tata Steels announced in January 2024 that it would invest 1.25 billion British pounds (Brits) in electric arc technology in Port Talbot. The purpose of this investment is to switch from using traditional blast furnaces to producing green steel.
The research includes several key players from the electric arc furnace market, such as Danieli & C. S.p.A., SMS group GmbH, TENOVA, JP Steel Plantech Co., A Universe of Engineering, ArcelorMittal, ABB, Nippon Steel Corporation, Algoma Steel, Sinosteel India.
In the era of digital technology, data centers serve as the building block for information technology infrastructure. When threats become more sophisticated, primitive security controls very often do not provide enough protection against unauthorized access to confidential information and secure protection of such critical systems. Data center security, however, is evolving thanks to these tools called artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The use of AI and ML technologies in the detection, response, and prevention of global cyber threats and how the existing canvas of data center security is changing because of that. For instance, the expected costs of cyber attacks in 2022-2023 have been raised from US$8.44 trillion to US$11.50 trillion.
Figure 1: Estimated Cost of Cybercrime, in USD Trillions, Global, 2022 to 2023
Source: Weforum.gov
How AI and machine learning are revolutionizing data center security are as follows:
Enhanced Threat Detection
Automating Security Operations
Advanced Behavioral Analysis
Real-Time Analysis and Decision-Making
Adaptive Learning and Continuous Improvement
Virtualization and Cloud Adoption
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Enhanced Threat Detection
A major benefit that artificial intelligence and machine learning offer security for data centers is their ability to detect and respond to security threats within a very short period. Traditional methods are rule-based and signature-driven, which typically fall short of countering evolving threats. Artificial intelligence and machine learning can be trained on huge datasets to learn what does not fit, and what constitutes a threat.
Moreover, continuous learning techniques involve training algorithms on user behaviour, system activity or traffic, as well as their regular or abnormal use, making it possible to detect anomalous behaviour. Deviations from the created “normal” activity baseline are identified and drawn attention to, in order to flag potential security threats.
AI and machine learning-enhanced predictive analytics help in recognizing possible weaknesses even before they can be exploited. Such models can predict the likely vectors of attacks based on past information and this makes it possible to put in place mitigations beforehand.
2. Automating Security Operations
The scope of data center security includes a wide array of activities, ranging from constant vigilance and scrutiny to taking preventive measures and fixing issues. A significant proportion of these activities can rely on tools offered by artificial intelligence and machine learning which in turn enhances the output and precision.
By removing the drudgery and repetition associated with certain activities, human security teams are free and can devote their energies and resources to more strategic pursuits in the organization such as handling incidents and developing policies. Incorporating different security control systems for an optimized action is something that AI can do. To illustrate, if A.I. sees something that looks suspicious, it could carry out certain actions that have already been preset. For instance, it can cut off affected servers from the network, send notifications to the personnel in charge, or even launch a probe into the incident.
Moreover, AI systems can also be employed in the automatic classification and prioritization of security alerts thereby easing the burden on the IT personnel and ensuring that the pressing issues are addressed first. Hence, this capacity reduces the mean time to detect and the mean time to respond which are significant incident management measures improving the efficiency of the organization.
3. Advanced Behavioral Analysis
Advanced behavioural analysis modes are possible because of machine learning, and are important in the identification of insider threats. If internal threats – be they deliberate or unintentional – can be caused by external actors, these are the very targets that come from users with credibility which makes them more difficult to detect. ML algorithms are capable of persistently monitoring users so that any behaviours that could be harmful or deviate from acceptable standards are tracked and reported as anomalies.
Moreover, user and entity behaviour analytics employs AI systems to detect abnormal access frequency distributions and malicious actions. A system may for instance issue an alert or ask for additional authorization when an employee attempts to navigate to an area in the network that the employee has never accessed before. Using AI, there is a security network that can change as the risk levels are also changing. In this case, when a certain user is flagged for suspicious behaviour, an ML system could add extra layers of security such as requiring multi-factor authentication for that user.
4. Real-Time Analysis and Decision-Making
Due to artificial intelligence, which can analyze system logs and network traffic in real time, the security of data centers is set to change significantly. AI technology in data center security systems enables large volumes of data to be anonymized and analyzed in a short time to detect and mitigate possible threats without human assistance. AI algorithms can be used to analyze real-time network traffic patterns for data outflow or DDoS attack attempts.
Moreover, artificial Intelligence can automatically configure its network in such a way as to either block or redirect any incoming traffic that seems to pose a threat. Coupled with external threat intelligence feeds, such information can help them refresh their knowledge of the latest attack patterns. The information can be harnessed to adjust the defensive structures as well as the strategic military operations. In this way, there will be an assurance that the systems of the data center are not exposed to threats that are not new.
5. Adaptive Learning and Continuous improvement
The steady development of models is also the key objective of machine learning models. As more data is fed to the system, the AI is capable of recognizing more threats and minimizing the false positive rate. This is particularly important because new forms of attacks are consistently being developed in the ever-changing structure of data centers.
Moreover, attacks that can be classified as potential ones, help in improving the understanding of threats since ML systems are always fed with data. This helps attack detection algorithms to exploit the nuances of attack patterns that other algorithms might not find useful. Often due to the low level of accuracy of these systems, IT teams suffer from “alert fatigue” owing to the large number of false alerts. By understanding how to contrast typical innocuous behavioural deviations from genuine threats, ML models manage to reduce the number of false alarms and ensure that the security personnel only deal with real issues.
6. Virtualization and Cloud Adoption
As data centers increasingly adopt virtualization and cloud technologies, cybersecurity poses an additional challenge due to the enhanced attack surface. Here, where traditional defenses based on perimeters are no longer applicable, AI and ML come in handy. AI-enabled techniques secure dynamic workloads across EC2 instances regardless of their virtualization.
Further, AI-driven solutions can also inspect inter-communication between containers and VMs, identify any security gaps, and enforce security policies in real time. Access cloud resources in a more secure manner through the use of machine learning, which can, for example, identify unusual geographic locations or behaviours associated with a particular login. For instance, an alert or further authentication may be required when a user from a different region attempts to log into the data center.
In conclusion, data center security is being revolutionized by artificial intelligence through automated security management. With the use of artificial intelligence in data centers, the litany of mitigating risks associated with human errors, increasing efficiency and productivity and giving the benefit of monitoring and detecting threats in real-time are the core focal objectives. With the advancements in modern technology, it can be predicted that artificial intelligence will be more functional in automated security management systems. This will ensure that data centers remain secure and stand strong against cyber threats that keep on evolving.
Data center security is going to be dominated by AI-driven automated security management. Its capacity to offer proactive, scalable, and continuous security measures is crucial for safeguarding private information and preserving the integrity of vital systems. AI will become more crucial as data centers develop in order to protect their operations and guarantee their success in a quickly shifting digital landscape.
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/data-center-security-market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-04 06:12:552024-10-04 07:05:28How AI and Machine Learning Are Revolutionizing Data Center Security
The corneum layer inside the diapered vicinity is weakened using constant exposure to excess moisture and irritants, which increases pores and skin sensitivity. Wet wipes, additionally known as baby wipes, are regularly used by parents to ease their toddlers’ skin after a bowel or urine incident. This exercise even extends to cleaning the hands and face, leading to common use each day. Baby wipes ought to therefore consist of a composition that is unlikely to cause pores and skin inflammation and pain. Disposable child wipes have been validated to be a safe and effective manner of cleaning the skin of toddlers, even the ones that might be premature. However, there is a developing problem among a few of the public regarding their safety and acceptability. Because there are versions inside the production methods, and substances, regarding elements, safety measures, and first-class testing, no merchandise is created identical. To teach their patients and households, healthcare experts must have easily accessible evidence-based totally information approximately the protection and tolerability of common components observed in baby wipes.
The newborn skin is very delicate more so during the first two months. Their skins are thinner by about 30% and are therefore easily irritated and dry up more. It is also important to note that excessive use of commercial baby wipes impregnated with wet chemicals and irritating fragrances poses skin risks to sensitive or eczema-prone babies.
Research indicates that 2 out of every 10 infants are born with eczema anywhere across the globe at any point in their early childhood. This again shows how vital it is to apply such products especially made for sensitive skin without the risk of allergic reactions or skin damage. Thus, using the right type of baby wipes can help prevent common skin conditions such as allergies, rashes, and irritation among others.
Key features to look for in baby wipes for sensitive skin are as follows:
Hypoallergenic Formula
Fragrance-Free
Free of Harsh Chemicals
pH-Balanced
Soft and Durable Material
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Hypoallergenic Formula
Research indicates that 2 out of every 10 infants are born with eczema anywhere across the globe at any point in their early childhood. This again shows how vital it is to apply such products especially made for sensitive skin without the risk of allergic reactions or skin damage. Thus, using the right type of baby wipes can help prevent common skin conditions such as allergies, rashes, and irritation among others.
2. Fragrance-Free
Hypoallergenic wipes are designed to eliminate potential allergens. In most of these products, allergens such as scents, colourants, and some preservatives are excluded. Behavioural studies showed that 10% of babies have developed a diaper rash at least once before their first birthday. These rashes can be avoided with the use of containing hypoallergenic wipes.
3. Free of Harsh Chemicals
Even perfumes with organic ingredients can cause an adverse reaction to sensitive skin. Avoid baby wet wipes with added fragrance since they often have degrading agents that trigger dermatitis and allergic reactions. Research shows that perfumed agents including those in baby wipes can induce contact dermatitis in up to 15% of the population.
Many baby wipes that are readily available on the market contain common ingredients such as alcohol, parabens, phthalates and sulfates, which are awful for natural skin moisture, as they tend to leave the skin dry and irritated. Such wipes should never be chosen. Parabens are common in a lot of products and are used as preservatives, and as such they even help in protecting oneself and are known to disrupt hormonal balance. Phthalates are compounds used to soften plastics that have been associated with other developmental conditions.
4. pH-Balanced
Infant skin pH is neutral at birth; however, in the first few days of life, the acid mantle forms, causing the pH of the skin to significantly drop to slightly acidic levels, approximately 5–5.5.9. Preserving the skin’s acid mantle guarantees that the function of the skin barrier is preserved. This specific area is also beneficial in inhibiting the excessive growth of microorganisms. Formulations need to be adjusted in pH to minimize or stop the growth of organisms inside them and to also mimic the correct pH range found on the skin surface. The application of slightly acidic pH in baby wipes helps maintain the pH of the skin and is preferable to using cloth and water alone. A simple pH buffering system utilizing common organic acids and their conjugate bases can be incorporated into the baby wipe formulation for pH balancing.
5. Soft and Durable Material
Wipes should be crafted from durable yet gentle materials. Therefore, opt for wipes that are soft to the skin yet strong enough to be able to scrub dirt without falling apart when in use. Mummy Wipes are also moisture-rich wipes usually containing over 99% water which helps lessen the exposure of harmful irritants to a baby’s skin therefore they are fit for delicate skin. Common herbs and soothing agents like chamomile or aloe vera are added to these kinds of wipes, to shield the skin and at the same time calm it. Natural wipes are made of stuff like bamboo or cotton and are used for disposability, in that they are not harmful to the environment, and are less likely to contain toxins. In addition, these types of materials are usually softer and allow the baby’s skin to breathe comfortably.
Safety testing on baby wipes
The safety profiles for baby wipes should include both individual ingredients and the entire product. Both irritant and allergic reactions can occur in the skin. The possibility of irritated eyes should also be taken into consideration since baby wipes are frequently used around the face. Nowadays, there are three ways to conduct safety testing: using animal test models, using non-animal in vitro test models, and using clinical human subject testing. The latter two choices have become more popular when the situation calls for them.
Research involving human participants is not attempted unless the development of the product has reached the stage where all of its components have been tested and incorporated, and all safety issues have been resolved. These tests are often standard carried out in Good Clinical Practices (GCP) to confirm their use and demonstrate acceptance. It should be stressed that cosmetic product testing is done to ensure the safety of a product and not establish its hazards.
Since baby wipes are used to clean the skin, allergic reactions and dermal irritation—as well as eye irritation—are of utmost importance. The common techniques for evaluating wipes’ tolerability are displayed in the Table below. The scientific literature served as the foundation for the design of these tests, even though the testing laboratories and study sponsors will define their protocols. There are variations in study populations based on the objectives and design of the study because they are studies in which human testimonies are used. For example, sensitive skin subjects may be targeted for such a product.
Table 1: Common Methods Used to Test the Tolerability of Diaper Wipes
Repeated insult patch test (RIPT)
Allergy, irritation
Cumulative irritation test (CIT)
Cumulative irritation test (CIT)
Phototoxicity/photoallergy (PT/PA)
Phototoxicity/photoallergy (PT/PA)
Ocular installation
Ocular installation
Safety‐in‐use
Safety‐in‐use
Source: National Institutes of Health
In conclusion, when seeking the best options for sensitive skin, it is important to select baby wipes with soothing and moisturizing ingredients and avoid using strong irritants as well. Regardless of whether or not the child suffers from eczema or calls for extra safety, it is important to remember the composition of toddler wipes. To maintain the infant’s pores and skin wholesome and satisfied, continually search for hypoallergenic, fragrance-unfastened, and pH-balanced wipes. Parents can assist guard their infant from infection, diaper rashes, and different skin troubles by using making educated choices.
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/baby-wipes-market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-03 10:36:172024-10-03 10:49:17The Essential Guide to Choosing the Best Baby Wipes for Sensitive Skin
Wastewater is becoming an enigma in the sustainable development of society. The growing urban population of developing economies like India and China faces the serious challenge of water quality management and industrial wastewater treatment.
According to UNICEF, nearly two billion people live in countries where the water supply is inadequate. Half of the world’s population, especially in underdeveloped and developing economies in Africa and Asia, face water scarcity for clean drinking water for everyone. It is estimated that nearly 700 million people will have to relocate due to extreme water scarcity by 2030.
Due to global warming, there has been an increased frequency of droughts and famines across the globe, contributing to adverse water conditions. To save the environment from pollution and the harmful impact of untreated wastewater, it is important to introduce wastewater treatment technology. As we move towards a sustainable future, municipalities and industries are likely to adopt new water and wastewater treatment technologies.
The top innovations in water and wastewater treatment technology are:
Water reuse and recycling revolve around treating wastewater to use again in the same location such as reusing residential sewage water and for irrigation of gardens in the societies. This approach reduces our dependence on freshwater resources and reduces the consumption of freshwater.
Companies such as Epic Cleantec provide onsite water reusing systems for commercial and large-scale buildings which reuse 95% of wastewater. This regenerative water reuse system can reduce utility costs and consumption of fresh water; it also has low operating costs and is sustainable.
According to the survey conducted by the company 70% of U.S. consumers prefer to spend money on companies that are using sustainable practices to provide green solutions.
According to the American Waterworks Association, the repairing and expanding of water infrastructure would require around USD 1 trillion in the next 25 years.
A few other notable companies that provide water reuse and recycling solutions include HydraLoop and Watersmart. Their shower solutions save both water and energy.
2. Water Treatment and circularity
Modern wastewater treatment technologies not only remove pollutants but also recover valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and byproducts while treating the wastewater.
These wastewater treatment technologies focus on specific application areas where water is being treated. For instance, BioFiltro, a wastewater treatment company that uses its patented Biodynamic Aerobic (BIDA) system. The system uses worms and microbes to remove up to 99% of the contaminants in just a few hours and produces nutrient-rich worm castings.
Aquacycl, a wastewater management solution company, uses its patented modular Bio Electrochemical Treatment Technology (BETT) system to treat high biological oxygen demand (BOD) wastewater and generate electricity as a byproduct.
Gross-Wen Technologies and Water Warriors are also prominent companies that provide water treatment and circularity solutions.
3. PFAS Destruction
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are chemicals that can be harmful to humans as their consumption can result in increased cholesterol levels, lower immunity, and cause kidney and testicular cancer. In 2009, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) established advisory limits on the presence of PFASs in drinking water. The most recent recommendation, which went into effect in June 2022, sets advisory limits of 2000 ppt of PFBS, 10 ppt of GenX chemicals, 0.02 ppt of PFOA, and 0.004 ppt of PFOA.
Several studies are being conducted to develop technologies that will remove PFAS contaminants from sources of drinking water. Reverse osmosis (RO), granular activated carbon (GAC), nanofiltration (NF), and ion exchange resin (IXR) are some of the technologies that eliminate or purify PFAS content from wastewater. Removal technologies do not completely remove or destroy PFASs, despite their demonstrated effectiveness in PFAS separation or adsorption. These are simply temporary measures of PFASs’ physical mass transfer (sequestration).
Even though several PFAS destruction technologies are still in the development stage, several companies have had breakthroughs in the research. Aclarity is one such company that has developed PFAS destruction technology. The company uses an Electrochemical Oxidation (EOx) process that involves the passage of an electrical current through a liquid solution to mineralize PFAS compounds on the anode surface. This technology requires low energy, and it is highly efficient.
374Water uses supercritical water oxidation, which is an advanced oxidation method that can treat a wide range of organic wastes. Similarly, Enspired Solutions uses a patented chemistry that uses unique chemistry coupled with ultraviolet light that stimulates a reaction to systematically disassemble PFAS molecules into water, fluoride, and simple carbon compounds.
4. Thermal Hydrolysis
Thermal hydrolysis is a process technology that anaerobically digests wastewater. Sewage sludge and other moist organic wastes are subjected to high temperatures and pressures during the process of thermal hydrolysis. It works like that when you cook using steam.
At the full scale, site-specific variables such as sludge type (wastewater treatment plant configuration, aeration sludge age, industrial loads); anaerobic digestion (configuration, retention time, operating temperature, quantity, and type of mixing); and co-generation (configuration, size and efficiency) are responsible for the difficulty in comparing sites.
Thermal hydrolysis simplifies the separation and processing of wastewater, thereby generating biogas and minimizing waste byproducts. Cambi ASA is one of the leading providers of thermal hydrolysis technology for sewage sludge treatment and organic waste management.
5. Microbial fuel cells
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are a relatively new technology that can treat wastewater and produce sustainable energy at the same time. The bacteria produce charged electrons during metabolism, which can be harnessed to generate electricity.
When it comes to the extraction and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater, MFCs have demonstrated exceptional efficiency. An algal-based MFC (Chlorella sp.) using nickel-foam/graphene electrodes was able to remove up to 95% of cadmium Cd(II) with a maximum adsorption quantity of 115 g/m2. With a maximum power density of 36.4 MW/m2, algae MFC offers superior power generation over competing technologies.
Similarly, functionalized adsorbents with high adsorption capabilities have been produced for the detection of metal pollutants in wastewater, including lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cesium (Cs). Moreover, MFCs have produced clearance rates of Pb(II) and Cu2+ of 89.6% and 98.3%, respectively.
Even though MFCs offer many benefits, there are also substantial disadvantages to this technology that limit its adoption and growth in prospective fields. Several new technological developments have been made in this technology and have been demonstrated as an ecologically sustainable technology that generates energy while removing pollutants from different types of wastewater. However, due to its high cost, it has not been able to compete with its substitute technologies in the renewable energy sector or the wastewater treatment sector.
6. Membrane filtration
Membrane filtration is an evolving technology in the wastewater treatment sector that offers efficient removal of contaminants and enables water reuse. The innovation in membrane filtration includes the enhancement of membrane durability, reducing fouling, and improving energy efficiency.
Evove, which is a wastewater treatment technology company, recently won the World Changing Idea Award for Water Technology 2024. The company developed membranes that have overcome the inherent flaws in conventional membranes. Their new range of membranes has equal pore size distribution and consumes less energy.
ZwitterCo developed Zwitterionic membranes that perform better in high-foul environments, filtering out fats, oils, and proteins. Their technology significantly reduces cleaning and replacement costs.
Veolia, a leading wastewater treatment technology player, introduced the “Memthane anaerobic membrane bioreactor,” which treats heavily contaminated water and generates renewable energy through biogas production.
Similarly, companies like Evoqua Water Technologies, GE Water & Process Technologies, and Toray Industries have developed their membrane technology for the filtration of wastewater. The innovation is focused on low energy and chemical consumption.
7. Advanced Oxidation
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can break down persistent organic contaminants in wastewater, making them more popular. AOPs and biological processes are being integrated in recent advancements to improve sustainability and efficiency. For instance, a recent study from 2023, emphasizes how biological therapies can be combined with solar photo-Fenton and photocatalysis to greatly enhance pollutant degradation while consuming the least amount of energy.
Another study discusses the use of non-conventional AOPs like microwave, ultrasound, and plasma pulse-assisted oxidation, which show promise for future applications due to their high efficiency and lower energy requirements. These advancements are necessary for addressing the increasing complexity of wastewater contaminants.
Several companies are at the forefront of these innovations; for instance, Veolia has launched advanced oxidation products that combine ozone and UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals, effectively treating various contaminants. Aquatech has introduced new AOP systems that integrate hydrogen peroxide and UV light, enhancing the degradation of organic pollutants. Xylem has also developed advanced oxidation solutions that utilize ozone and hydrogen peroxide, targeting industrial wastewater treatment.
8. Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration technology is a rapidly evolving technology for wastewater treatment. The recent innovations in nanofiltration technology have included enhanced membrane selectivity permeability and fouling resistance. “Recent Advances in the Theory and Application of Nanofiltration: a Review” by Yuchen DU, Biplob Kumar Pramanik highlights the development of thin film nanos composite membranes to incorporate materials like graphene oxide and metal-organic frameworks that significantly improve performance and durability. Another study shows the use of phase inversion and interfacial polymerization techniques that create more efficient nanofiltration membranes.
Several companies have recently launched new nanofiltration products, such as DuPont’s FilmTec LiNE-XD nanofiltration membrane which allows increased water and lithium recovery with reduced energy consumption.
TeraPore Technologies has developed IsoBlock virus filters leveraging their Intelligent Membrane platform. These filters provide high-resolution nanofiltration for bioprocessing applications with robust viral clearance and consistent performance.
SepPure Technologies provides advanced nanofiltration membranes tailored for diverse filtration requirements across industries, ensuring efficient separation and purification processes. Their technology particularly focuses on reducing the environmental impact of wastewater treatment.
Advancements in nanotechnology are driving the nanofiltration technology market.
9. Modular water treatment system
Modular water treatment systems are becoming popular due to their flexibility, scalability, and efficiency. These systems are designed to be easily transported and assembled, making them ideal for decentralized water treatment applications. New products are being designed in response to the increasing focus on improving the integration and modularity of modern treatment methods.
Several companies are developing modular water treatment solutions, and FCT Water Treatment offers custom modular systems that cater to various needs, including portable water, wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation. The decentralized nature of modular water treatment systems significantly reduces the cost and minimizes jobsite work by allowing quick installation and commissioning.
Another company that specializes in modular wastewater treatment systems is Filtra Systems. It utilizes advanced technology to address distinct water treatment challenges. The company’s water treatment systems include Walnut Shell Filters (WNSF), dissolved air filtration, chemical management stations, pump stations, control valves, and several other instruments.
Some of the other prominent players that operate in modular water treatment systems are Genesis Water Technologies, Thermax Ltd, Veolia, etc.
10. Desalination
Desalination technology is essential in converting saline water into freshwater and addressing water scarcity in many regions around the world. The two primary methods used in desalination are thermal-based distillation and membrane-based filtration.
The current commercial technology used for desalination is reverse osmosis (RO), Multi-Effect Distillation, and Multi-stage Flash desalination (MSF).
MSF involves heating saline water and flushing it into steam in multiple stages and MED utilizes multiple steps of evaporation and condensation. These technologies are usually applied to large-scale desalination plants.
Several companies are developing technologies for desalination processes. Veolia is one of the leading players in desalination. The company’s latest product innovation in reverse osmosis (RO) technology delivers on-site ready-to-operate modules, It produces fresh water that complies with all water quality regulations while meeting the demands and challenges of the desalination business.
Additionally, low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) and water reuse applications offer substantial savings on capital and operating costs which is a major challenge in water desalination.
Some of the prominent players in the desalination of wastewater include GE water, WABAG, and Aquatech, among others.
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/water-and-wastewater-treatment-technologies-market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-02 11:56:372025-05-07 06:43:55Top 10 Innovations in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Technology is causing a transformative shift in the food sector, influencing its growth, production, global distribution, and supply chain. Recent advancements in food tech trends are reshaping how the industry manages production, distribution, and consumption, showcasing the impact of technologies like AI and automation. A prominent trend in the food industry is the shift among consumers towards alternative protein sources, including lab-grown food. The pandemic has heightened awareness about nutrition and health, driving an increased demand for nutraceuticals and personalized nutrition. The rise of food e-commerce, spurred by the COVID-19 situation, is another significant trend. Additionally, growing concerns about food safety are influencing food transparency throughout the value chain.
As digitization becomes integral to the food and beverage industry, companies are embracing restaurant digitization, digital food management, and food robotics to enhance operational efficiency. Food brands are actively addressing food waste reduction and adopting zero-waste practices. Notably, 3D food printers are emerging as a key component in the realm of food science and technology, facilitating major trends such as meat alternatives and personalized nutrition.
The top 10 emerging food technologies are:
Ghost Kitchens
Robotics in Food
Smart and Sustainable Packaging
Plant Meat
Smart Sensors
Probiotic Drinks
Forward Osmosis
Nutraceuticals
3D food printers
Restaurant Digitization
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Ghost Kitchens
Ghost kitchens, also known as virtual kitchens or cloud kitchens, represent a modern and innovative concept in the food service industry. Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar restaurants, ghost kitchens operate solely for online food delivery and takeaway services, eliminating the need for a physical dine-in space. These kitchens focus on efficiently preparing and fulfilling orders placed through various online platforms. The key characteristic of ghost kitchens is their absence of a traditional storefront or customer-facing space. Instead, they leverage technology and digital platforms to reach customers directly. This model enables greater flexibility for chefs and restaurant owners, as they can experiment with diverse menus and culinary concepts without the constraints of a physical location.
Ghost kitchens capitalize on the growing trend of food delivery and the convenience sought by modern consumers. By streamlining operations and reducing overhead costs associated with maintaining a traditional restaurant space, ghost kitchens can offer a wide range of cuisines and dishes at competitive prices. Overall, the ghost kitchen concept embodies the intersection of technology, culinary innovation, and evolving consumer preferences, shaping the future landscape of the food service industry.
The Government of Delhi, in its Cloud Kitchen Policy, released in April 2022, stated that at that time, 20,000 cloud kitchens operated in Delhi, and are growing at a 20% growth rate every year.
2. Robotics in Food
The food industry, a significant sector with high employment rates, faces challenges in maintaining a seamless supply chain and ensuring food safety due to human intervention. To address these issues, industrial automation emerges as a crucial solution. In the present context, automation is indispensable for both food production and distribution. Manufacturers utilize automation and robotics in food production and packaging, leading to extended shelf life, enhanced food safety, and improved production cost efficiency.
Automation incorporates technologies like AI, robotics, and drones. AI-based systems enable manufacturers to efficiently manage food production and delivery processes, enhancing operational efficiency. Through data analysis, food manufacturers can identify items and consumer demands, aligning production with these needs. The integration of robotics and AI software development enables companies to monitor critical operations such as processing, shipping, and storage, resulting in better oversight of food quality and safety. Many food service companies today are making significant investments in robotics and AI to streamline their operations. In a report by the government of the USA in 2020, industrial robot density in the food and beverage industry increased from 0.9 to 3.1 per 1 million hours, from 2003 to 2017.
Increase In Industrial Robot Density In The Food And Beverage Industry, From 2003 To 2017, Per 1 Million Hours
Source: USA Automation Report 2020
In September 2020, Bear Robotics, a U.S.-based startup, developed Servi, an autonomous robot tailored for food service. This robot collaborated with waitstaff to efficiently deliver dishes and beverages in tight spaces. By employing advanced camera and laser sensor navigation, Servi could navigate seamlessly without encountering blind spots.
3. Smart and sustainable packaging
Smart and sustainable food packaging integrates innovative technologies and eco-friendly materials to revolutionize the way we package and consume food. These solutions aim to reduce environmental impact by utilizing recyclable or biodegradable materials, minimizing waste. Additionally, smart packaging incorporates technology like sensors to monitor freshness, temperature, and shelf life, ensuring food safety. By combining intelligence with sustainability, these packaging solutions contribute to a more efficient and environmentally conscious food industry.
Biopolymers are gaining attention due to their environmentally friendly characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bio-based origins. These polymers can be obtained from food waste through extraction or fermentation processes. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are two prominent biopolymers widely used in the production of biodegradable plastics. In a report on sustainable packaging by World Food India 2023, the demand for PLA is anticipated to double by 2023, while commercial PHA production reached 2.05 million tons in 2017. The global PHA market is forecasted to increase from USD 57 million in 2019 to USD 98 million by 2024.
Global Pha Market, In Us$ Million, From 2019 To 2024
Source: World Food India Report
4. Plant Meat
Consumers are progressively embracing alternative protein sources, motivated by health and environmental concerns. This emerging trend in food technology encompasses options like cultured meat, lab-grown food, plant-based nutrition, edible insects, and mycoprotein. These alternatives offer significant nutritional value and resource efficiency throughout the production-to-consumption process, presenting a notable departure from conventional livestock-based protein sources.
The Protein Brewery, a startup based in the Netherlands, creates FERMOTEIN, a unique lab-grown food without animal components. FERMOTEIN is produced by fermenting non-allergenic crops and fungi, enriching them with essential amino acids and fibre. With a 10% fat content and strong water-binding properties, this protein alternative delivers a taste resembling meat.
5. Smart Sensors
Smart sensors have simplified food production processes by providing essential insights to production managers. These sensors play a crucial role in tasks such as inventory counting, ingredient examination, temperature maintenance, and overall operational efficiency. In addition, businesses can extend the use of sensors to delivery vehicles, ensuring smooth distribution processes. The agri-food industry is gradually embracing Industry 4.0, with larger enterprises leading the way in adopting the latest technological advancements. However, the majority of agri-food companies in Europe, often SMEs, still lack smart sensor integration in their production setups. Many rely on manual data registration, and data interpretation is typically handled by a limited number of personnel with specific expertise, which may not be systematically documented.
6. Probiotics drinks
Fruits and vegetables are renowned for their abundance in nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals, and bioactive molecules, constituting a vital element in a well-rounded diet with proven health benefits. The incorporation of probiotics into plant-based juices for the production of functional and nutraceutical food provides a cholesterol-free and allergen-free alternative to dairy probiotics, catering to individuals with lactose intolerance. This review emphasizes the positive impact of different probiotic strains on various diseases and compares the nutritional aspects of plant-based and dairy probiotic drinks. Market trends in probiotic drinks are discussed, with a comprehensive list of current plant-based probiotic drinks available globally. The fermentability of carbon sources in fruit and vegetable juices by probiotic microorganisms is crucial, and the metabolic pathways involved in sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galactose are highlighted. The review concludes by outlining key quality monitoring factors for probiotic products, including total soluble solids, sugar consumption, titratable acidity, pH, and stability at low storage temperatures.
7. Forward Osmosis
In the realm of food processing plants, the concentration process plays a crucial role in preserving food products until they reach consumers. Australia’s CSIRO organization, in collaboration with a U.S. membrane technology company, has researched to developed an innovative preservation processing technique utilizing membrane technology for liquid concentration, known as “forward osmosis.” Forward osmosis represents a milder approach to concentrating food, requiring less energy and avoiding the use of heat. This method contributes to the natural retention of more nutrients, such as proteins and vitamins, during processing. As a result, the final product exhibits higher quality compared to those produced using traditional concentration methods.
Forward osmosis, a promising desalination technology, has demonstrated significant potential due to its lower energy requirements compared to reverse osmosis. Forward osmosis, also known as FO, can serve as a complementary method for treating brackish water, higher salinity water, and produced waters from oil and gas operations. One notable advantage is its immunity to intrinsic osmotic pressure limitations. Additionally, it exhibits greater tolerance to contaminants that could otherwise foul membranes used in reverse osmosis, especially under high pressures. Water for the food industry is provided either by local government authorities or by the food business itself. In Europe, most of the drinking water supplied to the food industry is sourced from public supplies. However, the origin of the water used for drinking water can vary and may include surface water (such as streams, rivers, and lakes), groundwater (including natural springs and wells), rainwater, and seawater (treated at desalination plants).
8. Nutraceuticals
Growing concerns about the impact of dietary habits on health and increasing demand for essential nutrients to support a healthy lifestyle have become more pronounced, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This heightened awareness among consumers is driving a significant trend in the food industry, placing nutraceuticals at the forefront. Nutraceuticals encompass a range of products, including nutritional supplements, functional foods, medicinal foods, and gut microbiome-enhancing foods like prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Ongoing scientific research on nutraceuticals highlights their potential health benefits, particularly in addressing disorders associated with oxidative stress, such as allergies, diabetes, and immune-related conditions.
An example of innovation in this space is the US-based FoodTech startup Farmhand Organics, which specializes in crafting hand-made, naturally probiotic, plant-based fermented foods using organic ingredients. The startup’s organic krauts and kimchi are designed to promote healthy digestion, contribute to maintaining balance in sleep and immunity, and offer nutrient-rich and flavourful options. Notably, Farmhand Organics prioritizes sourcing ingredients directly from family farms and local suppliers, contributing to a reduced carbon footprint associated with transportation.
In the year 2021, Brightseed and Ocean Spray joined forces to leverage Brightseed’s A.I., Forager®, to profile the components of cranberries and uncover novel connections between cranberries and human health. Through this collaboration, Ocean Spray aims to establish the most extensive nutritional profile of cranberries globally.
9. 3D Food Printers
3D food printers offer opportunities for customized diets and the development of protein-based meals, providing precision and reliability in nutritional content. While material extrusion remains the predominant method in food printing, startups are exploring innovative techniques such as laser and inkjet food printing, along with bioprinting. These inventive approaches enhance the quality and accuracy of 3D-printed food items. With a focus on meeting specific product requirements and ensuring consistent quality, ongoing research in 3D food printing aims at large-scale food production. Consequently, 3D food printing streamlines production processes and lowers costs. Moreover, it enables food brands to offer personalized food products at scale without the need for additional tooling and operational expenses.
SavorEat, an Israeli startup, specializes in creating plant-based meat. The company utilizes a combination of chef robots, proprietary 3D printing technology, and non-GMO ingredients to produce meat. Currently, SavorEat focuses on manufacturing meatless burgers with plans to diversify its offerings to include steaks, kebabs, and alternative seafood.
10. Restaurant Digitalisation
Based on research conducted by the National Restaurant Association in 2020, the restaurant sector experienced a sales decline exceeding $120 billion, leading to the layoffs or furloughs of 8 million employees by May 2020. Projections suggested that the pandemic might result in losses amounting to $240 billion by the year’s end.
The incorporation of digital technology in restaurants not only enhances customer satisfaction but also optimizes operational processes, resulting in increased efficiency. It enables restaurant brands to gather valuable data at various stages, supporting data-driven decision-making across their operations. The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the implementation of digital management systems across the entire food and beverage supply chain. To reduce direct person-to-person contact, restaurants are incorporating digital menus, self-service kiosks, and cashless payment options.
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Top-10-Emerging-Food-Technologies.jpg5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-01 12:43:372025-05-14 14:52:37Top 10 Emerging Food Technologies in The World
The global carbon black market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period (2024-2029).
The global carbon black market is driven by growing industrialization, increasing infrastructure development, and rising advancement in the production of carbon black.
As per the report, the global carbon black market is expected to grow significantly.
Carbon black is a black powder created from the combustion of hydrocarbons in insufficient air. It is basically comprised of normal carbon and is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber products, especially automotive tires. Carbon black in addition utilized as a pigment in inks, paints, and coatings purposes. They are utilized broadly in different applications in businesses such as automotive, construction, and electronics due to their properties such as quality, durability, higher strength, and concentrated color. The carbon black market is encountering development due to various factors such as rising urbanization and industrialization in developing nations since it will result in an increment in construction and infrastructure advancement leading to the utilization of carbon black for construction coating and materials. In addition, the automotive industry utilizes carbon black usually in the manufacturing of vehicle tires whereas consumer goods such as electronics and appliances utilize carbon dark in ink and coatings for these products moved by legislative regulatory measures and sustainable production methods which will advance the development of the carbon black market globally amid the forecasted period. For example, in March 2024, Cabot Corporation launched PROPEL® E8 designed reinforcing carbon black for high-performance tire tread applications, planned to supply prevalent tread strength and decreased rolling resistance, handling the challenges like higher torque faced by EV. Similarly, in May 2023, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company introduced its first tire with Monolith’s carbon black as a substantial step towards zero-emissions carbon black in tire fabricating. The company utilizes Monolith’s carbon black in a new tread formulation for its ultra-high execution, all-season ElectricDrive™ GT traveler tire in measure 235/40R19, a perfect fit for vehicles.
Based on the process type, the global carbon black market is categorized into furnace black, thermal black, acetylene black, and others. Furnace black is predicted to have a major market share of carbon black because of its wide utilization in various industries specifically, the automotive and rubber industries due to its high reinforcing properties employed in multiple applications. They are versatile materials and the process of furnace black is comparatively cost-effective which makes it a preferable option for many applications.
The global carbon black market based on the grade is divided into standard grade and specialty grade. The specialty grade carbon black is anticipated to contribute significantly to the market growth due to various factors such as specialty rubber items, advanced electronic appliances, and high-performance coatings due to its high execution and specific applications.
The global carbon black market based on the application is classified into tires and industrial rubber products, plastic, toners and printing inks, coatings, textile fiber, and others. The global carbon black market will be significantly dominated by tires and industrial rubber products segments. This is due to carbon black viable application in the production of tires and its properties of increasing the product’s durability and performance. In addition, rising infrastructure development and construction projects will employ the industrial rubber product promoting carbon black utilization globally.
The global carbon black market has developed substantially in the Asia Pacific region due to various factors. Asian countries like China and India are going through extensive industrialization and urbanization which will contribute to a rise in the requirement for carbon black for multiple purposes. Moreover, the rising automotive industry and customer goods industry in the region particularly in manufacturing facilities will positively influence the carbon black market in the coming years.
The global carbon black market is supported by key players such as PCBL Limited, Birla Carbon, Continental Carbon Company, SABIC, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Cabot Corporation, Orion S.A., Cancarb Limited, Epsilon Carbon, and Himadri Speciality Chemical Ltd.
This analytics report segments the global carbon black market on the following basis:
By Process Type
Furnace Black
Thermal Black
Acetylene Black
Others
By Grade
Standard Grade
Specialty Grade
By Application
Tires and Industrial Rubber Products
Plastic
Toners and Printing Inks
Coatings
Textile Fiber
Others
By Geography
North America
USA
Canada
Mexico
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Others
Europe
United Kingdom
Germany
France
Others
Middle East and Africa
Saudi Arabia
Israel
Others
Asia Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Others
https://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/carbon-black-market.webp5191000Gaurav Singhhttps://www.knowledge-sourcing.com/resources/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Printable-Resolution-big-300x78.pngGaurav Singh2024-10-01 08:34:282024-10-01 08:34:28Carbon Black Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2%
Top 10 Industrial Chemicals: Essential Compounds Driving Modern Industry
Thought ArticlesHow Industrial Chemicals Power Modern Manufacturing and Daily Life
Industrial chemicals are a driving force behind the modern industrial world. They serve as essential components in a wide range of manufacturing processes and play a crucial role in enabling innovation. These chemicals ensure efficient production workflows and support the development of advanced manufacturing technologies. From cutting-edge semiconductor chips with 3nm architecture to anti-corrosion coatings and high-efficiency fertilizers used in agriculture, industrial chemicals are at the core of these advancements.
These chemicals are integrated into nearly every aspect of modern life. They are found in pharmaceuticals, household paints, smartphones, vehicles, and even the fabrics of the clothes we wear. Industrial chemicals help products last longer, perform better, and meet the high-performance standards expected today. Simply put, they are the foundation of durable, high-quality, and efficient products across every major industry.
Top 10 Industrial Chemicals:
1) Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
2) Nitrogen (N2)
3) Ethylene (C2H4)
4) Oxygen (O2)
5) Propylene (C3H6)
6) Chlorine (Cl2)
7) Ethylene Dichloride (C2H2Cl2)
8) Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
9) Ammonia (NH3)
10) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
1. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
Sulfuric acid is the most consumed industrial chemical in the world. The agriculture sector consumes the most sulfuric acid to produce fertilizers. It is also used to produce detergents, lead-acid automotive batteries, dyes, pigments, explosives, and other chemicals like hydrochloric acid (HCL).
Sulfuric acid is used in other important industrial processes, such as etching and cleaning semiconductor chips and printed circuit boards. It is also used in petroleum refining and acts as a reactant in rayon and nitroglycerin.
The demand for sulfuric acid is expected to grow in industries such as the automotive, electrical and electronics, and fertilizer industries.
The above-mentioned applications make sulfuric acid one of the most consumed industrial chemicals.
The United States is one of the largest sulfuric acid producers; 7.6 million tons of elemental sulfur is produced in the United States each year, of which 90% is consumed in sulfuric acid production.
2. Nitrogen (N2)
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless inert gas and constitutes 78% (by volume) of the air we breathe. Due to its inert properties, it is commonly used as a blanketing gas that protects oxygen-sensitive products from oxidizing by covering the product.
In industrial scenarios, liquid nitrogen is highly used in various applications, such as the production of steel and other metals, as a coolant for scientific experiments, reactor cooling, and flour and dough cooling in the food industry.
The food industry is one of the largest nitrogen consumers in gas and liquid form. Nitrogen gas is used in food packaging to increase the shelf life of packaged food, and liquid nitrogen is used in refrigerated trucks to keep food fresh and avoid food contact with the air.
In the healthcare industry, liquid nitrogen is used to freeze blood samples and tissues. Several liquid nitrogen products are made for tissue relaxing during strain or internal wounds.
3. Ethylene (C2H4)
Ethylene is a petrochemical produced in large volumes globally. Nearly 95% of the annual commercial ethylene is produced by steam cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons. Various feedstocks, such as propane, ethane, butane, gas oils, and naphtha, are used to produce ethylene. Naphtha is a key raw material in ethylene production, with nearly 80% of the ethylene produced in the US, Europe, and Japan by naphtha alone. There has been a growing demand for bio-ethylene with a focus on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
India’s ethylene production is growing at a CAGR of 11.04% over the past five years. Most of the ethylene produced goes into the production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). In 2022, polyethylene production consumed 84.38% of the ethylene in India. LLDPE accounts for the largest production volume of 3,497 thousand metric tons or 54.52% share of ethylene consumption.
While most commercially produced ethylene is used to produce polymers and industrial chemicals, a small amount is utilized in the controlled ripening of citrus fruits, tomatoes, bananas, and many other fruits and vegetables.
Ethylene is also used to produce ethylene glycol, polystyrene for packaging and insulation, ethanol for industrial use, polyester, and synthetic rubber, among other things.
4. Oxygen (O2)
Oxygen in industries is mainly utilized in the combustion process. Commercially produced oxygen is used in oxyacetylene and oxyhydrogen welding torches.
Oxygen is also used in chemical industries to break down hydrocarbons into smaller hydrocarbons like ethylene, propylene, and acetylene, which are later utilized in the production of paints, plastics, and other products.
Rockets are fueled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. The oxygen tank used to launch a space shuttle contains around 550,000 liters of liquid oxygen.
Other industries that use oxygen gas or liquid oxygen include medical, paper and pulp, water treatment, metal production, glass, and the chemical industry.
Air Liquide has the largest oxygen plant in the world and is a global leader in producing industrial gases like oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Russia, France, South Africa, India, the United States, and China are some of the major oxygen producers globally.
5. Propylene (C3H6)
Propylene, also known as propene, is a highly versatile hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₃H₆. This colorless gas has a faint petroleum-like odor and is highly flammable. It is primarily produced through catalytic or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons and often emerges as a byproduct during petroleum refining and natural gas processing. Propylene serves as a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of numerous industrial chemicals and materials.
One of the primary uses of propylene is in the production of polypropylene, a widely utilized thermoplastic polymer. Known for its durability, chemical resistance, and flexibility, polypropylene is essential in manufacturing packaging materials, automotive parts, textiles, and everyday consumer products. Approximately two-thirds of the global supply of propylene is dedicated to making polypropylene.
Beyond polypropylene, propylene is a vital raw material for creating several other key chemicals, including propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, cumene, and acrylic acid. Propylene oxide is used to produce polyurethanes, which are found in furniture, car components, and insulation. Acrylonitrile is essential for manufacturing acrylic fibers for textiles, plastic components in electronics and vehicles, and synthetic rubber. Cumene is processed into phenol and acetone, both used in producing adhesives, polymers, and resins.
Propylene also plays a major role in the production of isopropyl alcohol, a common solvent used in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and household cleaners. Additionally, propylene is used to manufacture plasticizer alcohols, which are found in coatings, flexible plastics, and adhesives. Its application extends to surface coatings, sealants, and superabsorbent polymers used in hygiene products like diapers and sanitary pads—highlighting its widespread industrial significance.
6. Chlorine (Cl2)
Chlorine (Cl2) is one of the top-consumed chemicals in the world. It is mainly produced through the electrolysis of sodium chloride brine. A yellow-green gas known for its pungent smell, chlorine is a key ingredient in various industrial applications due to its high reactivity and oxidizing potential.
Its density is approximately 2.5 times greater than air, and owing to this reason, it remains close to the ground. Even though it’s not flammable, chlorine can produce explosive compounds with acetylene and ammonia, requiring careful handling and storage.
Chlorine is extensively used in water treatment and disinfection processes. It is necessary for treating sewage and industrial waste and cleaning drinking water to protect public health and the environment. Its function in sanitation also includes swimming pools, which use chlorine and its derivatives to keep the water clean.
Chlorine is widely used in the chemical industry to produce various goods. Because of its strong oxidizing ability, chlorine is a vital component used in producing industrial bleaches and disinfectants. It is also essential for synthesizing insecticides, chlorides, and chlorinated solvents. It is also used in the synthesis of polymers, synthetic rubbers, and refrigerants.
Chlorine is used in industrial processes to whiten and purify paper and textiles, thereby improving their appearance and quality. It is also dissolved in water in household cleaning solutions, which makes it an important chemical for daily sanitation and hygiene. It is an important chemical that is used in both industrial and household applications. Chlorine production has observed significant growth in India, with 1900 thousand metric tons in 2018 and 2499 thousand metric tons in 2022. The global demand for chlorine is likely to grow at a CAGR of 4.1% by 2030.
7. Ethylene Dichloride (C2H2Cl2)
Ethylene dichloride (EDC), or 1,2-dichloroethane, is an oily, colorless liquid with a sweet smell that is mainly produced when ethylene is chlorinated. EDC is a key raw material for producing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). PVC is also produced from EDC, which is well known for its toughness and adaptability, and is crucial to the building sector.
In addition to PVC, ethylene dichloride is essential for producing polystyrene, a valuable synthetic polymer. A wide range of consumer goods and packaging materials are made with polystyrene. Applications for EDC include the creation of specific dry-cleaning fluids that use their solvent qualities to efficiently clean textiles without the need for water. Because of this, EDC is essential to preserving the hygiene and aesthetics of textiles.
EDC makes shower curtains, flooring, and synthetic rubber possible. It is also used to create synthetic rubber, which is essential for making a variety of goods, including industrial gaskets and car tires.
Considering its wide range of industrial uses, it is categorized as a human carcinogen. Prolonged exposure to elevated levels can cause major health problems, such as damage to the kidneys and liver. Thus, to reduce potential risks and guarantee the safety of both employees and the environment, stringent safety procedures and legal requirements are necessary during its manufacturing, storage, and usage.
8. Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
Phosphoric acid is made from phosphate rock by wet or thermal processes. Nearly 80% of the global phosphoric acid is produced by wet processes.
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is used for many consumer, industrial, and agricultural purposes. One of the major applications of phosphoric acid is the phosphate salts used in fertilizers. This acid is present in around 8% of the fertilizers used in the agricultural sector, making it one of the most important ingredients for fostering plant development and growing crop yields. Furthermore, phosphoric acid is frequently used in animal feed, offering vital nutrients to cattle and chickens and helping promote their well-being and efficiency.
In the Pharmaceutical industry, phosphoric acid is used as an intermediate for various medicines like antinausea medicines, mouthwash products, and teeth whitening. Dentists use phosphoric acid as a dental procedure to clean teeth.
Phosphoric acid use in the food industry is quite popular. It is used in various products like cheese, processed meat, jams, cereal bars, and cold drinks, among others.
Phosphoric acid is widely used in the rust-removal process of steel, iron, and other metals. The rust that covers metal is transformed into a black compound once it comes in contact with phosphoric acid, and can be wiped easily.
Owing to its versatility, phosphoric acid demand is growing globally. East Asia is the largest producer of phosphoric acid, with around 30 billion tons produced in 2022.
9. Ammonia (NH3)
Ammonia is one of the most commonly produced industrial chemicals globally. It is an essential biological ingredient that acts as a precursor for ammonia acid, and nucleotide synthesis. Ammonia is part of the nitrogen cycle and is produced in soil from bacterial processes. In its pure form, it is known as anhydrous ammonia and is hygroscopic in nature (i.e., it rapidly absorbs moisture from the environment).
More than 70% of the commercially produced ammonia is used as fertilizers. It is also used as refrigerant gases, for purifying water supplies, and for manufacturing products like explosives, plastics, textiles, dyes, pesticides, and other chemicals.
It is used in the production of nitric acid, certain dyes, sulfa drugs, cosmetics, vitamins, and synthetic textiles like rayon and nylon, among other things.
China is the largest producer of ammonia, with nearly 15% share, followed by Russia, the United States, India, and Brazil. In 2021, there were 490 active ammonia plants in more than 64 countries, with an annual production of around 185 million metric tons.
The companies with the largest production capacities are BASF SE, CF Industries Holdings Inc., CSBP Limited, EuroChem, Group DF, Gujarat State Fertilizer & Chemicals Limited, IFFCO, Koch Industries Inc., Nutrien, OCI Nitrogen, PJSC Togliattiazot, PT Pupuk Srivijaya Palembang (Pusri), Qatar Fertiliser Company, Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited, SABIC, and Yara.
10. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium Hydroxide, commonly known as caustic soda, is a strong base that finds applications across various industries due to its highly reactive and versatile nature. It is used in the petroleum industry to increase the pH of drilling mud, making it more viscous in nature. Many countries use it to help remove sulfur impurities from low-grade crude oil. It is also used in the paper-making industry in the digestion and bleaching of wood fibers. Sodium hydroxide is used for the decomposition of waste and dead bodies of animals that are killed on roads.
Sodium hydroxide finds applications in various day-to-day applications like the production of soaps and food products like hominy, Chinese noodles, and German pretzels. Its most common and simple application is the production of NaCl or common salt. In homes, it is also used to clean ovens and drain cleaner.
It is used as an industrial cleaning agent, especially in degreasing equipment. It is also used in fuel cell production and many other applications. The growing application of sodium hydroxide will likely boost its demand in the coming years.
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How to Store and Preserve Vegetable Seeds for Future Planting
BlogThe age-old practice of storing and preserving vegetable seeds comes in handy for gardeners who want to grow their favourite cultivars year in and year out without spending too much money and energy. Apart from ensuring that there is a supply of seeds for the next planting seasons, this reduces the risk of extinction of genetic and heirloom varieties that are adapted to the local region. There are also benefits because being able to save the seeds enables one to plant only the best cultivars out of the many ones produced in the garden.
Moreover, it takes not only knowledge but also practical skills in different plant anatomy and methods of collecting data, as well as precautions in both the manipulations of seeds and their storage for successful seed preservation. Seeds have a defined durability and are constructed as live embryos covered with shells, which protect them from certain stresses – humidity, light, temperature, and others. The proper energy state of the storage environment is particularly necessary for the seeds health and preservation of germination ability in them.
Seed preservation trends have evolved from simple measures like drying, which was employed by early humanists, to complex systems that involve control of temperatures and humidity levels. These practices have become very important not only to individual horticulturists but also to the whole world in which there are seed banks, that are in the process of preserving food crops’ genetic diversity. By knowing the right techniques for harvesting, purifying, drying and preserving seeds in the garden, the planter can be more self-reliant and more environmentally friendly. This method has also increased the production of various plant and vegetable seeds in many regions, for instance, as per the USDA, China’s hybrid corn seed production in 2022/23 reached 1,360,000 metric tons (MT) a 31% increase from that of MY2021/22. Additionally, hybrid rice seed production increased to 280,000 MT in MY2022/23 a 5% growth compared to MY2021/22.
Figure 1: Hybrid Seed Production, Metric Tons, China, 2022 T0 2023
Source: USDA
Steps to store and preserve vegetable seeds for future planting are as follows:
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Collecting Seeds
choosing and collecting the best seeds is the first and the most crucial step in preserving the seeds’ quality. This ensures that the material to be used in the beginning is of the highest quality and is viable.
The seeds should be gathered when fully matured. This is because quite often young seeds do not possess the required nutrients; within which they are expected to germinate. The sower should ensure that the seeds of most vegetables are left to ripe on the plant. Bean plants and pea plants, for example, should be salvaged when the pods are dry and rented.
Moreover, in the search for seeds, only the strong and healthy plants exhibiting the required traits and characteristics i.e. better yield, bigger size, taste, and pest resistance among others should be used. Though discouraging and wasteful, freezing seeds from diseased or weak plants will increase the chance of the next generations carrying such traits which is likely to hinder future growth. People should propagate natural selection by choosing the best plants and their seeds for planting to maintain or even improve the quality of the crops over time.
2. Cleaning Seeds
After gathering the seeds, the next step is to clean them. The cleaning approach depends on whether the seeds are from wet or dry fruits.
Plants that produce commercially viable seeds such as lettuce, beans, peas and peppers produce seeds that are already dry when harvested. Very little cleaning is required as one simply has to remove the seeds from the peal or pod and there is no debris present. Nonetheless, the aspect of cleaning is crucial since irrespective of the time the seeds are meant to be kept, there are possibilities of mould or pest infections and therefore it is recommended that storage be cleaned.
The seeds are found in the pulp of edible fruits such as tomatoes, cucumbers, and squash. The gel coating of such seeds needs to be cleared by use of fermentation. After the seeds have been removed from the fruit and placed in a container filled with water, allow it to sit at room temperature for two to four days. Once every day traces of water are removed from the container and fresh water is put in. After fermentation, the pulp and non-fertile seeds are pushed to the surface while the good seeds settle at the bottom. After rinsing them thoroughly and removing all the impurities, allow the seeds to dry on their own.
3. Drying Seeds
Drying is one of the most important steps to take in averting seed rot and mould in the course of their storage. Introduce moisture to seeds when they are being stored and their viability will be diminished.
The cleaned seeds should be spread out on a clean and dry surface such as a plate lined up with parchment paper or placed on a mesh tilted screen, in a warm, preferably ventilated space. Occasionally, toss them around to promote uniform drying. Paper towels can be protrusive as well to the seeds thus do not use them to cover the seeds. If these seeds are cooled and the end product is hard and brittle, it means that they have been thoroughly dried.
Moreover, a sower who lives in a humid atmosphere, or simply wants to be on the safe side, can use silica gel to assist in drying. Deposit the seeds in an airtight container along with silica gel sachets for some days. This helps in taking in any excess moisture which could compromise the viability of the seeds in storage.
4. Storing Seeds
To ensure the continued usefulness of seeds in the future, storage is essential. Seeds can endure moisture, changes in temperature, and even pest infestation provided they are stored under the appropriate conditions.
The ideal storage space for seeds can be described as free of moisture and relatively cool. The most recommended ambient temperatures are those ranging between 0 and 5 degrees Celsius, with very low relative humidity. In most cases, the sum of the temperature measured in Fahrenheit and that of the relative humidity expressed in percentage should be less than or equal to one hundred. Higher levels of humidity together with high temperature may activate the seeds to begin sprouting while still in storage or may encourage fungus in the seeds.
Moreover, the most important aspect of moisture prevention within containers is sealing. In order to store the seeds properly glass jars, plastic containers or even vacuum bags will do just fine. If more than one type is put in a jar, use paper bags or small envelopes for segregation purposes. In order to maintain the quality of the seeds, it is imperative that they are well sealed to prevent entry or moisture.
Furthermore, each container must be tagged with the seed type, varieties and date of collection. The efforts in planning the garden are less when the seeds and their viability are recorded. This is especially true for the seeds where there are several different types, it is easy to lose track of the seeds when they were collected and their current whereabouts.
5. Testing Seed Viability
Seed viability naturally declines over time. In order to maximize efficiency and avoid unnecessary expenditure of space and effort, it is important to determine the germination rate of one’s seeds prior to implantation.
To assess viability In the case of the germination test, a moist paper towel is continued after rolling up putting 10 seeds and placing them in a plastic bag to retain moisture. Then, place the contents in a warm place and check back after 7-10 days. If seven or more seeds were germinated, then the seeds are considered viable. Count the number of seeds that have sprouted. If not that many sprout, then the seeds may need to be replaced with more than the desired amount or planted with more seeds than necessary to achieve enough plants.
In conclusion, storing and preserving vegetable seeds is a worthwhile hobby for every gardener. This way gardening can be easier and cheaper and more importantly they will help to promote green practices. To achieve this: collect seeds from the best plants, properly clean and dry the seeds, store them in cool dry places, and perform germination tests on those seeds for further use. Thus, they guarantee sustainable healthy productive seeds for the next planting season. Where they can avoid buying seeds, maintain the biodiversity in their garden and enjoy cultivating plants from seeds well tended to over time.
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Fiber Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.1%
Press ReleasesThe global fiber market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period (2024-2029).
A fiber is a type of thin thread, use is generally made using a natural or artificial substance. The term fiber is usually applied to material, that has a long, thin shape, and is generally used to manufacture fabrics. There are two basic categories of fibers, synthetics and natural. The natural fibers, like the cottons, silk, jute, animal fur, and hemp, are obtained through cultivating, whereas the synthetic fibers, like the rayon, polyesters, and acrylic, are manufactured completely, or partially with synthetic materials, like chemicals. Rayon has various properties similar to natural silk, but this material is a cheaper alternative to silk. Rayon is generally obtained from wood pulps and is infused with cotton, or wool, to prepare various types of fabrics. Nylon is a complete synthetic fiber, that has various properties like elasticity, lightweight, and easy maintenance.
One of the major drivers for the increase in the market demand for fibers in the global market is the increase in synthetic fiber utilization in the world. The global increase in the adoption of the fast fashion industry gave rise to the demand for cheaper fabric items and increased the market size of synthetic fiber. Similarly, the increase in governmental initiatives to boost the demand for synthetic fibers, all across the globe also boosted the demand for fiber in the global market. For instance, the textile and fiber industry in India has a great contribution to the nation’s GDP. The India Brand Equity Foundation’s data reveals that the nation’s man-made fiber or synthetic fiber industry contributes about 17% of the total textile industry in the nation. The nation’s synthetic or man-made fiber export reached about US$ 5.78 billion, in the year 2022-23, giving a boost to the global synthetic fiber industry.
The increasing demand for fibers around the globe increased the investments by various companies in the research and development of new materials, that can offer cost-effective and comfortable experiences to the consumer. In May 2024, the Indian textile manufacturer, Shahi Export, and Little King Global Taiwan’s sportswear fabric manufacturer partnered together to establish a synthetic fiber processing facility in India. The companies through this partnership aim to produce synthetic performance fabrics in this facility. Similarly, in June 2023, Advansa came into a joint venture with Asia Pacific Fibes, to launch their new premium sports and activewear fiber Remotion. The companies stated that their new fiber is produced completely from ocean-bound waste materials, like plastic bottles.
The global fiber market by type is segmented into natural fibers, synthetic fibers, regenerated fibers, specialty fibers, and others. Under the global fiber market, the synthetic fiber category of the type segment is estimated to attain the maximum share. Natural fiber is obtained from sources like plants and animal products, whereas synthetic fiber is manufactured using various chemicals. One of the major factors driving the growth of synthetic fiber in the fiber market is the increasing global trend toward animal-free products, which is going to reduce the use of natural fiber in the global market. Synthetic fiber can be manufactured at a lower cost than natural and regenerated fiber and can be produced in a larger quantity. The synthetic fiber is generally stronger and durable than the natural fibers. These fibers absorb less water and are quick to dry.
Based on geography, the global fiber market is expanding significantly in the Asia-Pacific region, as the region is one of the biggest fabric and fiber exporters of the globe. Countries like India, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, are among the largest producers and exporters of natural fibers, like silk, cotton, and wool. These nations have also invested heavily, to increase the production and export capability of these natural synthetics in the regions. Similarly, countries like India, China, Bangladesh, and Vietnam, are among the global fabric manufacturing hubs, producing fabrics materials, and finished products, which are further shipped all around the globe. The governments of nations like India and Bangladesh have also increased their domestic subsidies for textile exports, which further boosted the textile production in the region, increasing the demand for the fibers in the regions.
The global fiber market is supported by key players such as The Fibre Co., Natural Fiber Company, Blu Fiber Company, Camellia Fiber Company, LYCRA, Infinited Fiber, AFRY, Stein Fibers Ltd., Secant Group, and Atlantis Fiber.
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This analytics report segments the global fiber market as follows:
The Role of Power Inverters in Enhancing Electric Vehicle Performance
Thought ArticlesA device known as a power inverter converts the direct current (DC) power from the battery, which is used to run the electric motor, into alternating current (AC). The electric motors used in the eenvios, which are predominantly used in electric vehicles, are power adaptable and hence require an inverter to convert the DC gotten from the battery pack to the AC three-phase current which the motors operate on.
Moreover, inverters serve the purpose of controlling the speed, torque and power output of the electric motor. This is accomplished by controlling both the frequency and amplitude of the AC signal to provide the vehicle with tight control over its dynamics and performance.
Energy storage systems, electronic systems, and efficiency improvements have given a new lease of life to electric vehicles (EVs). The global power inverter is one of the core components that facilitates and enhances the use of electric vehicles. The power inverter is a crucial device that connects the battery to the electric motor. It converts the stored energy ready in the battery into useful energy for movement. This article will consider the role of power inverters in enhancing the capabilities of the electric vehicle and their design principles as well as impacts on power, efficiency and vehicle dynamics which also lead to the sales of electric vehicles. For instance, in 2023, there were about 14 million new electric vehicles registered worldwide, bringing the total number of electric vehicles on the road to 40 million.
Figure 1: Electric Vehicles Sales, in Millions, China, 2022 T0 2023
Source: IEA
Power inverters enhance the electric vehicle performance in the following ways:
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Battery Charging Systems and Power Electronics
An important aspect related to electric vehicles (EVs) is the provision of rapid charging facilities for the safe operation of EVs. This process is mainly under the responsibility of power electronics systems, which enable the control, incorporation, and management of electrical energy when charging takes place.
Power electronics are one of the important elements in both onboard and offboard EV charging systems. For example, in the case of onboard chargers, AC/DC power electronic converters are used to change the mains AC voltage supplied to the charger to a DC voltage required for charging the vehicle battery. Which involves rectification and a further DC-DC conversion to obtain the desired voltage level and control the current to the battery. To avoid damaging the battery and ensure its serviceability over time, the charging process, thanks to which the battery is recharged, has to be adjusted to the battery’s charge profile – such procedures mostly include several sections of constant voltage and current charging.
Moreover, the off-board charging systems, such as DC fast-charging stations, are considerably enhanced by the science of power electronics. Power electronic converters within these systems convert the input AC power supply to a high-voltage DC output capable of directly charging a vehicle’s battery without the need for an onboard charger. Power electronics are also applied in the form of sophisticated control strategies which control the charge rate to the battery, and help avoid any damage to the battery.
With the advent of bidirectional charging technology or Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), the function of power electronics in EV battery charging has become even more intricate and developed. Power electronics are also designed in these systems to charge the vehicle and to supply back the power from the vehicle battery to the house or grid in case of peak demand or blackouts. Power electronics alter the power to go with the flow from the car’s battery to the primary coil, secondary coil, and the grid in wireless charging structures for electric cars. This incorporates procedures along with rectification, and inversion and manages to make certain powerful energy transfers without compromising standards and safety methods.
2. Energy Management and Regenerative Braking
Electric vehicles use energy management which means managing various power flows in a complex manner and using power electronics for that matter. The major objective in such energy fluid management systems is to apportion the power supplied by the battery to drive the electric motor of the car, the heating ventilation air conditioning system (HVAC), and other auxiliary systems. Moreover, how to recover energy during regenerative braking is also a factor in this management of energy.
Moreover, regenerative braking is the conversion of a vehicle’s kinetic energy which is mostly wasted as heat during braking and redistributing it back into the battery for later use. It is an efficient means of extending the range of electric vehicles and reducing the wear and tear of mechanical brakes. In the case of regenerative braking, power electronics are a must. The inverter has to be controlled with precision to maintain the stability of operation, providing the battery with the right amount of charge and sufficient braking. Control Algorythms generally part of the Electronic Control Unit ECUs, have to deal with many variables such as the ‘braking’ demand from the driver, and also how much charge is currently held by the battery.
In addition, electric vehicles also have power electronics as a component of their energy management system (EMS) which decides how energy contained in the battery can be sent to different loads in the car efficiently. This distribution needs to be flexible and adaptable to the surroundings and the inputs of the driving force. For example, while driving at an excessive pace or accelerating fast, greater electricity desires to be focused on the drive motor. However, at slower speeds, greater power may be directed toward auxiliary systems like air con.
For instance, power electronic converters which include DC-DC converters are used to manipulate power flows to numerous vehicle subsystems and deliver the proper voltage levels. Sophisticated algorithms regulate those converters that allow to maximize energy performance, boom riding distance, and maintain automobile performance.
Case Study:
Wireless EV Charging with WiTricity
The wireless charging of electric vehicle batteries is a creative application of power electronics by the tech firm WiTricity. Resonant inductive coupling is a technique of wireless power transfer involving Faraday’s law of induction to transfer power from a charger embedded on the ground to a receiver mounted on a vehicle. Such power transfer through power electronics is mostly employed to power the components and change the resonance of the transmitter and the receiver.
The ease of cable-free charging is provided by this technology, which also has the potential to be integrated into public infrastructure to enable seamless charging of vehicles while they are parked or even moving.
In conclusion, the power inverter is a fundamental factor in the enhancement of electric vehicles. It is required for speed and torque control to work, improves overall efficiency, and facilitates the transformation of the DC from the battery to AC for the motor, among many other functions that help enhance the overall experience of driving. The market for inverters is being driven by a focus on semiconductor technology improvement, power density increase and better control, which give a lot more power and agility to electric vehicles.
Developments in the design and technology of electric vehicle power inverters will determine the growth of the electrification of automotive propulsion. Which in turn will be easy with growth in electric vehicle manufacturing. The Inverter technology in the future perspective would bode well for the next generations of EVs making them easy, cost-effective and efficient in performance. This will include new materials as well as better heat management concepts.
Electric Arc Furnace Market size worth US$1,684.849 billion by 2029
Press ReleasesThe electric arc furnace market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.64% during the forecasted period, with a market valuation of US$1,280.556 million in 2024, and is expected to reach US$1,684.849 billion by 2029.
Throughout the forecast period, steady growth in the electric arc furnace is expected. This industrial machinery melts and purifies metals by creating an electric arc using electricity. An arc is produced between two graphite and carbon electrodes. This arc can produce temperatures as high as 3500°C.
When making steel, aluminium, copper, lead, and other metal products, electric arc furnaces are used in the process. Utilizing electric arc furnaces has several advantages, such as lower capital costs, flexibility, and efficient steel production through the reduction of carbon emissions. The steel demand has driven the electric arc furnace market’s expansion, especially with increases in metallurgical coal prices and more individuals investing in these furnaces.
Since it is widely used in various industries, therefore steel demand is a significant contributor to the increment of electric arc furnace market. In infrastructure development or building construction, automobile manufacturing and other sectors that need heavy material extraction such as mining or quarrying, steel plays an important role. Urbanization and industrialization affect steel production. The main method for making steel is an electric arc furnace since it has better efficiency and flexibility.
Unlike the traditional blast furnace method, electric arc furnaces had a quicker production time, thus making it possible for the metal in an electric furnace could be heated more easily. For example, the Worldwide Steel Association reported a worldwide crude steel production of 1,888.2 million tons in January 2024 which is close to the year 2023.
Further, there is growing competition for electric arc furnaces as more investments go into creating the latest generation electrically powered furnaces which reduce carbon emissions, as well as research and development. Improved on all fronts, that is to say, better and bigger electric arc furnaces will be produced sometime later as a result of these R&D investments.
Additionally, one of the loops created over the market by offering environmentally friendly electric arc furnaces that would help manufacturers and the environment is the investment criteria. For example, ArcelorMittal invested 67 million euros in its Belval site in June 2023. The company views the new Belval electric arc as a significant project because it emphasizes efficiency and will increase production output, which is expected to reach 2.5 million tons annually.
The electric arc furnace market, by type, is divided into two types- DC arc furnace and AC arc furnace. Currently leading the industry, DC arc furnaces are anticipated to continue doing so throughout the projection period. DC arc furnaces are more energy-efficient than AC arc furnaces because they provide precise control over the electrical energy input, which raises efficiency and lowers energy consumption. As such, they hold a substantial portion of the worldwide EAF market and are expected to continue holding this position for some time to come.
Although they have a sizable market share as well, AC arc furnaces are more appealing to smaller operations or companies on a tighter budget because of their lower initial investment costs. Furthermore, some alloys and materials melt particularly well in AC arc furnaces.
The electric arc furnace market, by application, is divided into two types: Non–ferrous metal and ferrous metal. Due to their financial benefits, electric arc furnaces have grown in popularity in this industry, providing a sensible and affordable substitute for conventional blast furnaces. Manufacturers can quickly respond to market demands due to their ability to accommodate different steel grades and efficiently recycle scrap steel. Furthermore, their lower carbon emissions complement sustainability goals and fit in with the worldwide movement toward more environmentally friendly industrial processes.
The electric arc furnace market, by capacity, is divided into five types: Up to 100 Tons, 100-200 Tons, 200 – 300 Tons, 300 – 400 Tons, and more than 400 Tons. Most likely, the electric arc furnace market share that is highest will be found in the up to 100 tons segment. This is because it can effectively balance production capacity and operational flexibility, which makes it ideal for a wide range of applications from integrated steel plants to foundries. Further, because they can handle higher production volumes than smaller EAFs while still providing operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, 200-300 tons EAFs also hold a sizable portion of the market.
During the projected timeframe, it is anticipated that the market for electric arc furnaces will experience remarkable growth within North America. In this area, there is an important steel producer who manufactures steel which is utilized to create various products in various sectors. Among the different areas that are characterized by rapid urbanization and industrialization are China, India and Japan This has an impact on the growth of the electric furnace market in the region by necessitating increased steel production for infrastructure development and construction. In the coming years, the market for electric arc furnaces will be driven by increased investment in the area.
For example, Tata Steels announced in January 2024 that it would invest 1.25 billion British pounds (Brits) in electric arc technology in Port Talbot. The purpose of this investment is to switch from using traditional blast furnaces to producing green steel.
The research includes several key players from the electric arc furnace market, such as Danieli & C. S.p.A., SMS group GmbH, TENOVA, JP Steel Plantech Co., A Universe of Engineering, ArcelorMittal, ABB, Nippon Steel Corporation, Algoma Steel, Sinosteel India.
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The analytics report categorizes the electric arc furnace market using the following criteria:
Segmentation:
How AI and Machine Learning Are Revolutionizing Data Center Security
Thought ArticlesIn the era of digital technology, data centers serve as the building block for information technology infrastructure. When threats become more sophisticated, primitive security controls very often do not provide enough protection against unauthorized access to confidential information and secure protection of such critical systems. Data center security, however, is evolving thanks to these tools called artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). The use of AI and ML technologies in the detection, response, and prevention of global cyber threats and how the existing canvas of data center security is changing because of that. For instance, the expected costs of cyber attacks in 2022-2023 have been raised from US$8.44 trillion to US$11.50 trillion.
Figure 1: Estimated Cost of Cybercrime, in USD Trillions, Global, 2022 to 2023
Source: Weforum.gov
How AI and machine learning are revolutionizing data center security are as follows:
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Enhanced Threat Detection
A major benefit that artificial intelligence and machine learning offer security for data centers is their ability to detect and respond to security threats within a very short period. Traditional methods are rule-based and signature-driven, which typically fall short of countering evolving threats. Artificial intelligence and machine learning can be trained on huge datasets to learn what does not fit, and what constitutes a threat.
Moreover, continuous learning techniques involve training algorithms on user behaviour, system activity or traffic, as well as their regular or abnormal use, making it possible to detect anomalous behaviour. Deviations from the created “normal” activity baseline are identified and drawn attention to, in order to flag potential security threats.
AI and machine learning-enhanced predictive analytics help in recognizing possible weaknesses even before they can be exploited. Such models can predict the likely vectors of attacks based on past information and this makes it possible to put in place mitigations beforehand.
2. Automating Security Operations
The scope of data center security includes a wide array of activities, ranging from constant vigilance and scrutiny to taking preventive measures and fixing issues. A significant proportion of these activities can rely on tools offered by artificial intelligence and machine learning which in turn enhances the output and precision.
By removing the drudgery and repetition associated with certain activities, human security teams are free and can devote their energies and resources to more strategic pursuits in the organization such as handling incidents and developing policies. Incorporating different security control systems for an optimized action is something that AI can do. To illustrate, if A.I. sees something that looks suspicious, it could carry out certain actions that have already been preset. For instance, it can cut off affected servers from the network, send notifications to the personnel in charge, or even launch a probe into the incident.
Moreover, AI systems can also be employed in the automatic classification and prioritization of security alerts thereby easing the burden on the IT personnel and ensuring that the pressing issues are addressed first. Hence, this capacity reduces the mean time to detect and the mean time to respond which are significant incident management measures improving the efficiency of the organization.
3. Advanced Behavioral Analysis
Advanced behavioural analysis modes are possible because of machine learning, and are important in the identification of insider threats. If internal threats – be they deliberate or unintentional – can be caused by external actors, these are the very targets that come from users with credibility which makes them more difficult to detect. ML algorithms are capable of persistently monitoring users so that any behaviours that could be harmful or deviate from acceptable standards are tracked and reported as anomalies.
Moreover, user and entity behaviour analytics employs AI systems to detect abnormal access frequency distributions and malicious actions. A system may for instance issue an alert or ask for additional authorization when an employee attempts to navigate to an area in the network that the employee has never accessed before. Using AI, there is a security network that can change as the risk levels are also changing. In this case, when a certain user is flagged for suspicious behaviour, an ML system could add extra layers of security such as requiring multi-factor authentication for that user.
4. Real-Time Analysis and Decision-Making
Due to artificial intelligence, which can analyze system logs and network traffic in real time, the security of data centers is set to change significantly. AI technology in data center security systems enables large volumes of data to be anonymized and analyzed in a short time to detect and mitigate possible threats without human assistance. AI algorithms can be used to analyze real-time network traffic patterns for data outflow or DDoS attack attempts.
Moreover, artificial Intelligence can automatically configure its network in such a way as to either block or redirect any incoming traffic that seems to pose a threat. Coupled with external threat intelligence feeds, such information can help them refresh their knowledge of the latest attack patterns. The information can be harnessed to adjust the defensive structures as well as the strategic military operations. In this way, there will be an assurance that the systems of the data center are not exposed to threats that are not new.
5. Adaptive Learning and Continuous improvement
The steady development of models is also the key objective of machine learning models. As more data is fed to the system, the AI is capable of recognizing more threats and minimizing the false positive rate. This is particularly important because new forms of attacks are consistently being developed in the ever-changing structure of data centers.
Moreover, attacks that can be classified as potential ones, help in improving the understanding of threats since ML systems are always fed with data. This helps attack detection algorithms to exploit the nuances of attack patterns that other algorithms might not find useful. Often due to the low level of accuracy of these systems, IT teams suffer from “alert fatigue” owing to the large number of false alerts. By understanding how to contrast typical innocuous behavioural deviations from genuine threats, ML models manage to reduce the number of false alarms and ensure that the security personnel only deal with real issues.
6. Virtualization and Cloud Adoption
As data centers increasingly adopt virtualization and cloud technologies, cybersecurity poses an additional challenge due to the enhanced attack surface. Here, where traditional defenses based on perimeters are no longer applicable, AI and ML come in handy. AI-enabled techniques secure dynamic workloads across EC2 instances regardless of their virtualization.
Further, AI-driven solutions can also inspect inter-communication between containers and VMs, identify any security gaps, and enforce security policies in real time. Access cloud resources in a more secure manner through the use of machine learning, which can, for example, identify unusual geographic locations or behaviours associated with a particular login. For instance, an alert or further authentication may be required when a user from a different region attempts to log into the data center.
In conclusion, data center security is being revolutionized by artificial intelligence through automated security management. With the use of artificial intelligence in data centers, the litany of mitigating risks associated with human errors, increasing efficiency and productivity and giving the benefit of monitoring and detecting threats in real-time are the core focal objectives. With the advancements in modern technology, it can be predicted that artificial intelligence will be more functional in automated security management systems. This will ensure that data centers remain secure and stand strong against cyber threats that keep on evolving.
Data center security is going to be dominated by AI-driven automated security management. Its capacity to offer proactive, scalable, and continuous security measures is crucial for safeguarding private information and preserving the integrity of vital systems. AI will become more crucial as data centers develop in order to protect their operations and guarantee their success in a quickly shifting digital landscape.
The Essential Guide to Choosing the Best Baby Wipes for Sensitive Skin
BlogThe corneum layer inside the diapered vicinity is weakened using constant exposure to excess moisture and irritants, which increases pores and skin sensitivity. Wet wipes, additionally known as baby wipes, are regularly used by parents to ease their toddlers’ skin after a bowel or urine incident. This exercise even extends to cleaning the hands and face, leading to common use each day. Baby wipes ought to therefore consist of a composition that is unlikely to cause pores and skin inflammation and pain. Disposable child wipes have been validated to be a safe and effective manner of cleaning the skin of toddlers, even the ones that might be premature. However, there is a developing problem among a few of the public regarding their safety and acceptability. Because there are versions inside the production methods, and substances, regarding elements, safety measures, and first-class testing, no merchandise is created identical. To teach their patients and households, healthcare experts must have easily accessible evidence-based totally information approximately the protection and tolerability of common components observed in baby wipes.
The newborn skin is very delicate more so during the first two months. Their skins are thinner by about 30% and are therefore easily irritated and dry up more. It is also important to note that excessive use of commercial baby wipes impregnated with wet chemicals and irritating fragrances poses skin risks to sensitive or eczema-prone babies.
Research indicates that 2 out of every 10 infants are born with eczema anywhere across the globe at any point in their early childhood. This again shows how vital it is to apply such products especially made for sensitive skin without the risk of allergic reactions or skin damage. Thus, using the right type of baby wipes can help prevent common skin conditions such as allergies, rashes, and irritation among others.
Key features to look for in baby wipes for sensitive skin are as follows:
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Hypoallergenic Formula
Research indicates that 2 out of every 10 infants are born with eczema anywhere across the globe at any point in their early childhood. This again shows how vital it is to apply such products especially made for sensitive skin without the risk of allergic reactions or skin damage. Thus, using the right type of baby wipes can help prevent common skin conditions such as allergies, rashes, and irritation among others.
2. Fragrance-Free
Hypoallergenic wipes are designed to eliminate potential allergens. In most of these products, allergens such as scents, colourants, and some preservatives are excluded. Behavioural studies showed that 10% of babies have developed a diaper rash at least once before their first birthday. These rashes can be avoided with the use of containing hypoallergenic wipes.
3. Free of Harsh Chemicals
Even perfumes with organic ingredients can cause an adverse reaction to sensitive skin. Avoid baby wet wipes with added fragrance since they often have degrading agents that trigger dermatitis and allergic reactions. Research shows that perfumed agents including those in baby wipes can induce contact dermatitis in up to 15% of the population.
Many baby wipes that are readily available on the market contain common ingredients such as alcohol, parabens, phthalates and sulfates, which are awful for natural skin moisture, as they tend to leave the skin dry and irritated. Such wipes should never be chosen. Parabens are common in a lot of products and are used as preservatives, and as such they even help in protecting oneself and are known to disrupt hormonal balance. Phthalates are compounds used to soften plastics that have been associated with other developmental conditions.
4. pH-Balanced
Infant skin pH is neutral at birth; however, in the first few days of life, the acid mantle forms, causing the pH of the skin to significantly drop to slightly acidic levels, approximately 5–5.5.9. Preserving the skin’s acid mantle guarantees that the function of the skin barrier is preserved. This specific area is also beneficial in inhibiting the excessive growth of microorganisms. Formulations need to be adjusted in pH to minimize or stop the growth of organisms inside them and to also mimic the correct pH range found on the skin surface. The application of slightly acidic pH in baby wipes helps maintain the pH of the skin and is preferable to using cloth and water alone. A simple pH buffering system utilizing common organic acids and their conjugate bases can be incorporated into the baby wipe formulation for pH balancing.
5. Soft and Durable Material
Wipes should be crafted from durable yet gentle materials. Therefore, opt for wipes that are soft to the skin yet strong enough to be able to scrub dirt without falling apart when in use. Mummy Wipes are also moisture-rich wipes usually containing over 99% water which helps lessen the exposure of harmful irritants to a baby’s skin therefore they are fit for delicate skin. Common herbs and soothing agents like chamomile or aloe vera are added to these kinds of wipes, to shield the skin and at the same time calm it. Natural wipes are made of stuff like bamboo or cotton and are used for disposability, in that they are not harmful to the environment, and are less likely to contain toxins. In addition, these types of materials are usually softer and allow the baby’s skin to breathe comfortably.
Safety testing on baby wipes
The safety profiles for baby wipes should include both individual ingredients and the entire product. Both irritant and allergic reactions can occur in the skin. The possibility of irritated eyes should also be taken into consideration since baby wipes are frequently used around the face. Nowadays, there are three ways to conduct safety testing: using animal test models, using non-animal in vitro test models, and using clinical human subject testing. The latter two choices have become more popular when the situation calls for them.
Research involving human participants is not attempted unless the development of the product has reached the stage where all of its components have been tested and incorporated, and all safety issues have been resolved. These tests are often standard carried out in Good Clinical Practices (GCP) to confirm their use and demonstrate acceptance. It should be stressed that cosmetic product testing is done to ensure the safety of a product and not establish its hazards.
Since baby wipes are used to clean the skin, allergic reactions and dermal irritation—as well as eye irritation—are of utmost importance. The common techniques for evaluating wipes’ tolerability are displayed in the Table below. The scientific literature served as the foundation for the design of these tests, even though the testing laboratories and study sponsors will define their protocols. There are variations in study populations based on the objectives and design of the study because they are studies in which human testimonies are used. For example, sensitive skin subjects may be targeted for such a product.
Table 1: Common Methods Used to Test the Tolerability of Diaper Wipes
Source: National Institutes of Health
In conclusion, when seeking the best options for sensitive skin, it is important to select baby wipes with soothing and moisturizing ingredients and avoid using strong irritants as well. Regardless of whether or not the child suffers from eczema or calls for extra safety, it is important to remember the composition of toddler wipes. To maintain the infant’s pores and skin wholesome and satisfied, continually search for hypoallergenic, fragrance-unfastened, and pH-balanced wipes. Parents can assist guard their infant from infection, diaper rashes, and different skin troubles by using making educated choices.
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Top 10 Innovations in Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Thought ArticlesWastewater is becoming an enigma in the sustainable development of society. The growing urban population of developing economies like India and China faces the serious challenge of water quality management and industrial wastewater treatment.
According to UNICEF, nearly two billion people live in countries where the water supply is inadequate. Half of the world’s population, especially in underdeveloped and developing economies in Africa and Asia, face water scarcity for clean drinking water for everyone. It is estimated that nearly 700 million people will have to relocate due to extreme water scarcity by 2030.
Due to global warming, there has been an increased frequency of droughts and famines across the globe, contributing to adverse water conditions. To save the environment from pollution and the harmful impact of untreated wastewater, it is important to introduce wastewater treatment technology. As we move towards a sustainable future, municipalities and industries are likely to adopt new water and wastewater treatment technologies.
The top innovations in water and wastewater treatment technology are:
1. Water reuse and recycling
Water reuse and recycling revolve around treating wastewater to use again in the same location such as reusing residential sewage water and for irrigation of gardens in the societies. This approach reduces our dependence on freshwater resources and reduces the consumption of freshwater.
Companies such as Epic Cleantec provide onsite water reusing systems for commercial and large-scale buildings which reuse 95% of wastewater. This regenerative water reuse system can reduce utility costs and consumption of fresh water; it also has low operating costs and is sustainable.
According to the survey conducted by the company 70% of U.S. consumers prefer to spend money on companies that are using sustainable practices to provide green solutions.
According to the American Waterworks Association, the repairing and expanding of water infrastructure would require around USD 1 trillion in the next 25 years.
A few other notable companies that provide water reuse and recycling solutions include HydraLoop and Watersmart. Their shower solutions save both water and energy.
2. Water Treatment and circularity
Modern wastewater treatment technologies not only remove pollutants but also recover valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and byproducts while treating the wastewater.
These wastewater treatment technologies focus on specific application areas where water is being treated. For instance, BioFiltro, a wastewater treatment company that uses its patented Biodynamic Aerobic (BIDA) system. The system uses worms and microbes to remove up to 99% of the contaminants in just a few hours and produces nutrient-rich worm castings.
Aquacycl, a wastewater management solution company, uses its patented modular Bio Electrochemical Treatment Technology (BETT) system to treat high biological oxygen demand (BOD) wastewater and generate electricity as a byproduct.
Gross-Wen Technologies and Water Warriors are also prominent companies that provide water treatment and circularity solutions.
3. PFAS Destruction
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are chemicals that can be harmful to humans as their consumption can result in increased cholesterol levels, lower immunity, and cause kidney and testicular cancer. In 2009, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) established advisory limits on the presence of PFASs in drinking water. The most recent recommendation, which went into effect in June 2022, sets advisory limits of 2000 ppt of PFBS, 10 ppt of GenX chemicals, 0.02 ppt of PFOA, and 0.004 ppt of PFOA.
Several studies are being conducted to develop technologies that will remove PFAS contaminants from sources of drinking water. Reverse osmosis (RO), granular activated carbon (GAC), nanofiltration (NF), and ion exchange resin (IXR) are some of the technologies that eliminate or purify PFAS content from wastewater. Removal technologies do not completely remove or destroy PFASs, despite their demonstrated effectiveness in PFAS separation or adsorption. These are simply temporary measures of PFASs’ physical mass transfer (sequestration).
Even though several PFAS destruction technologies are still in the development stage, several companies have had breakthroughs in the research. Aclarity is one such company that has developed PFAS destruction technology. The company uses an Electrochemical Oxidation (EOx) process that involves the passage of an electrical current through a liquid solution to mineralize PFAS compounds on the anode surface. This technology requires low energy, and it is highly efficient.
374Water uses supercritical water oxidation, which is an advanced oxidation method that can treat a wide range of organic wastes. Similarly, Enspired Solutions uses a patented chemistry that uses unique chemistry coupled with ultraviolet light that stimulates a reaction to systematically disassemble PFAS molecules into water, fluoride, and simple carbon compounds.
4. Thermal Hydrolysis
Thermal hydrolysis is a process technology that anaerobically digests wastewater. Sewage sludge and other moist organic wastes are subjected to high temperatures and pressures during the process of thermal hydrolysis. It works like that when you cook using steam.
At the full scale, site-specific variables such as sludge type (wastewater treatment plant configuration, aeration sludge age, industrial loads); anaerobic digestion (configuration, retention time, operating temperature, quantity, and type of mixing); and co-generation (configuration, size and efficiency) are responsible for the difficulty in comparing sites.
Thermal hydrolysis simplifies the separation and processing of wastewater, thereby generating biogas and minimizing waste byproducts. Cambi ASA is one of the leading providers of thermal hydrolysis technology for sewage sludge treatment and organic waste management.
5. Microbial fuel cells
Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are a relatively new technology that can treat wastewater and produce sustainable energy at the same time. The bacteria produce charged electrons during metabolism, which can be harnessed to generate electricity.
When it comes to the extraction and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater, MFCs have demonstrated exceptional efficiency. An algal-based MFC (Chlorella sp.) using nickel-foam/graphene electrodes was able to remove up to 95% of cadmium Cd(II) with a maximum adsorption quantity of 115 g/m2. With a maximum power density of 36.4 MW/m2, algae MFC offers superior power generation over competing technologies.
Similarly, functionalized adsorbents with high adsorption capabilities have been produced for the detection of metal pollutants in wastewater, including lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cesium (Cs). Moreover, MFCs have produced clearance rates of Pb(II) and Cu2+ of 89.6% and 98.3%, respectively.
Even though MFCs offer many benefits, there are also substantial disadvantages to this technology that limit its adoption and growth in prospective fields. Several new technological developments have been made in this technology and have been demonstrated as an ecologically sustainable technology that generates energy while removing pollutants from different types of wastewater. However, due to its high cost, it has not been able to compete with its substitute technologies in the renewable energy sector or the wastewater treatment sector.
6. Membrane filtration
Membrane filtration is an evolving technology in the wastewater treatment sector that offers efficient removal of contaminants and enables water reuse. The innovation in membrane filtration includes the enhancement of membrane durability, reducing fouling, and improving energy efficiency.
Evove, which is a wastewater treatment technology company, recently won the World Changing Idea Award for Water Technology 2024. The company developed membranes that have overcome the inherent flaws in conventional membranes. Their new range of membranes has equal pore size distribution and consumes less energy.
ZwitterCo developed Zwitterionic membranes that perform better in high-foul environments, filtering out fats, oils, and proteins. Their technology significantly reduces cleaning and replacement costs.
Veolia, a leading wastewater treatment technology player, introduced the “Memthane anaerobic membrane bioreactor,” which treats heavily contaminated water and generates renewable energy through biogas production.
Similarly, companies like Evoqua Water Technologies, GE Water & Process Technologies, and Toray Industries have developed their membrane technology for the filtration of wastewater. The innovation is focused on low energy and chemical consumption.
7. Advanced Oxidation
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) can break down persistent organic contaminants in wastewater, making them more popular. AOPs and biological processes are being integrated in recent advancements to improve sustainability and efficiency. For instance, a recent study from 2023, emphasizes how biological therapies can be combined with solar photo-Fenton and photocatalysis to greatly enhance pollutant degradation while consuming the least amount of energy.
Another study discusses the use of non-conventional AOPs like microwave, ultrasound, and plasma pulse-assisted oxidation, which show promise for future applications due to their high efficiency and lower energy requirements. These advancements are necessary for addressing the increasing complexity of wastewater contaminants.
Several companies are at the forefront of these innovations; for instance, Veolia has launched advanced oxidation products that combine ozone and UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals, effectively treating various contaminants. Aquatech has introduced new AOP systems that integrate hydrogen peroxide and UV light, enhancing the degradation of organic pollutants. Xylem has also developed advanced oxidation solutions that utilize ozone and hydrogen peroxide, targeting industrial wastewater treatment.
8. Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration technology is a rapidly evolving technology for wastewater treatment. The recent innovations in nanofiltration technology have included enhanced membrane selectivity permeability and fouling resistance. “Recent Advances in the Theory and Application of Nanofiltration: a Review” by Yuchen DU, Biplob Kumar Pramanik highlights the development of thin film nanos composite membranes to incorporate materials like graphene oxide and metal-organic frameworks that significantly improve performance and durability. Another study shows the use of phase inversion and interfacial polymerization techniques that create more efficient nanofiltration membranes.
Several companies have recently launched new nanofiltration products, such as DuPont’s FilmTec LiNE-XD nanofiltration membrane which allows increased water and lithium recovery with reduced energy consumption.
TeraPore Technologies has developed IsoBlock virus filters leveraging their Intelligent Membrane platform. These filters provide high-resolution nanofiltration for bioprocessing applications with robust viral clearance and consistent performance.
SepPure Technologies provides advanced nanofiltration membranes tailored for diverse filtration requirements across industries, ensuring efficient separation and purification processes. Their technology particularly focuses on reducing the environmental impact of wastewater treatment.
Advancements in nanotechnology are driving the nanofiltration technology market.
9. Modular water treatment system
Modular water treatment systems are becoming popular due to their flexibility, scalability, and efficiency. These systems are designed to be easily transported and assembled, making them ideal for decentralized water treatment applications. New products are being designed in response to the increasing focus on improving the integration and modularity of modern treatment methods.
Several companies are developing modular water treatment solutions, and FCT Water Treatment offers custom modular systems that cater to various needs, including portable water, wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation. The decentralized nature of modular water treatment systems significantly reduces the cost and minimizes jobsite work by allowing quick installation and commissioning.
Another company that specializes in modular wastewater treatment systems is Filtra Systems. It utilizes advanced technology to address distinct water treatment challenges. The company’s water treatment systems include Walnut Shell Filters (WNSF), dissolved air filtration, chemical management stations, pump stations, control valves, and several other instruments.
Some of the other prominent players that operate in modular water treatment systems are Genesis Water Technologies, Thermax Ltd, Veolia, etc.
10. Desalination
Desalination technology is essential in converting saline water into freshwater and addressing water scarcity in many regions around the world. The two primary methods used in desalination are thermal-based distillation and membrane-based filtration.
The current commercial technology used for desalination is reverse osmosis (RO), Multi-Effect Distillation, and Multi-stage Flash desalination (MSF).
MSF involves heating saline water and flushing it into steam in multiple stages and MED utilizes multiple steps of evaporation and condensation. These technologies are usually applied to large-scale desalination plants.
Several companies are developing technologies for desalination processes. Veolia is one of the leading players in desalination. The company’s latest product innovation in reverse osmosis (RO) technology delivers on-site ready-to-operate modules, It produces fresh water that complies with all water quality regulations while meeting the demands and challenges of the desalination business.
Additionally, low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) and water reuse applications offer substantial savings on capital and operating costs which is a major challenge in water desalination.
Some of the prominent players in the desalination of wastewater include GE water, WABAG, and Aquatech, among others.
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Top 10 Emerging Food Technologies in The World
Thought ArticlesTechnology is causing a transformative shift in the food sector, influencing its growth, production, global distribution, and supply chain. Recent advancements in food tech trends are reshaping how the industry manages production, distribution, and consumption, showcasing the impact of technologies like AI and automation. A prominent trend in the food industry is the shift among consumers towards alternative protein sources, including lab-grown food. The pandemic has heightened awareness about nutrition and health, driving an increased demand for nutraceuticals and personalized nutrition. The rise of food e-commerce, spurred by the COVID-19 situation, is another significant trend. Additionally, growing concerns about food safety are influencing food transparency throughout the value chain.
As digitization becomes integral to the food and beverage industry, companies are embracing restaurant digitization, digital food management, and food robotics to enhance operational efficiency. Food brands are actively addressing food waste reduction and adopting zero-waste practices. Notably, 3D food printers are emerging as a key component in the realm of food science and technology, facilitating major trends such as meat alternatives and personalized nutrition.
The top 10 emerging food technologies are:
Let’s discuss each one in detail.
1. Ghost Kitchens
Ghost kitchens, also known as virtual kitchens or cloud kitchens, represent a modern and innovative concept in the food service industry. Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar restaurants, ghost kitchens operate solely for online food delivery and takeaway services, eliminating the need for a physical dine-in space. These kitchens focus on efficiently preparing and fulfilling orders placed through various online platforms. The key characteristic of ghost kitchens is their absence of a traditional storefront or customer-facing space. Instead, they leverage technology and digital platforms to reach customers directly. This model enables greater flexibility for chefs and restaurant owners, as they can experiment with diverse menus and culinary concepts without the constraints of a physical location.
Ghost kitchens capitalize on the growing trend of food delivery and the convenience sought by modern consumers. By streamlining operations and reducing overhead costs associated with maintaining a traditional restaurant space, ghost kitchens can offer a wide range of cuisines and dishes at competitive prices. Overall, the ghost kitchen concept embodies the intersection of technology, culinary innovation, and evolving consumer preferences, shaping the future landscape of the food service industry.
The Government of Delhi, in its Cloud Kitchen Policy, released in April 2022, stated that at that time, 20,000 cloud kitchens operated in Delhi, and are growing at a 20% growth rate every year.
2. Robotics in Food
The food industry, a significant sector with high employment rates, faces challenges in maintaining a seamless supply chain and ensuring food safety due to human intervention. To address these issues, industrial automation emerges as a crucial solution. In the present context, automation is indispensable for both food production and distribution. Manufacturers utilize automation and robotics in food production and packaging, leading to extended shelf life, enhanced food safety, and improved production cost efficiency.
Automation incorporates technologies like AI, robotics, and drones. AI-based systems enable manufacturers to efficiently manage food production and delivery processes, enhancing operational efficiency. Through data analysis, food manufacturers can identify items and consumer demands, aligning production with these needs. The integration of robotics and AI software development enables companies to monitor critical operations such as processing, shipping, and storage, resulting in better oversight of food quality and safety. Many food service companies today are making significant investments in robotics and AI to streamline their operations. In a report by the government of the USA in 2020, industrial robot density in the food and beverage industry increased from 0.9 to 3.1 per 1 million hours, from 2003 to 2017.
Increase In Industrial Robot Density In The Food And Beverage Industry, From 2003 To 2017, Per 1 Million Hours
Source: USA Automation Report 2020
In September 2020, Bear Robotics, a U.S.-based startup, developed Servi, an autonomous robot tailored for food service. This robot collaborated with waitstaff to efficiently deliver dishes and beverages in tight spaces. By employing advanced camera and laser sensor navigation, Servi could navigate seamlessly without encountering blind spots.
3. Smart and sustainable packaging
Smart and sustainable food packaging integrates innovative technologies and eco-friendly materials to revolutionize the way we package and consume food. These solutions aim to reduce environmental impact by utilizing recyclable or biodegradable materials, minimizing waste. Additionally, smart packaging incorporates technology like sensors to monitor freshness, temperature, and shelf life, ensuring food safety. By combining intelligence with sustainability, these packaging solutions contribute to a more efficient and environmentally conscious food industry.
Biopolymers are gaining attention due to their environmentally friendly characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bio-based origins. These polymers can be obtained from food waste through extraction or fermentation processes. Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are two prominent biopolymers widely used in the production of biodegradable plastics. In a report on sustainable packaging by World Food India 2023, the demand for PLA is anticipated to double by 2023, while commercial PHA production reached 2.05 million tons in 2017. The global PHA market is forecasted to increase from USD 57 million in 2019 to USD 98 million by 2024.
Global Pha Market, In Us$ Million, From 2019 To 2024
Source: World Food India Report
4. Plant Meat
Consumers are progressively embracing alternative protein sources, motivated by health and environmental concerns. This emerging trend in food technology encompasses options like cultured meat, lab-grown food, plant-based nutrition, edible insects, and mycoprotein. These alternatives offer significant nutritional value and resource efficiency throughout the production-to-consumption process, presenting a notable departure from conventional livestock-based protein sources.
The Protein Brewery, a startup based in the Netherlands, creates FERMOTEIN, a unique lab-grown food without animal components. FERMOTEIN is produced by fermenting non-allergenic crops and fungi, enriching them with essential amino acids and fibre. With a 10% fat content and strong water-binding properties, this protein alternative delivers a taste resembling meat.
5. Smart Sensors
Smart sensors have simplified food production processes by providing essential insights to production managers. These sensors play a crucial role in tasks such as inventory counting, ingredient examination, temperature maintenance, and overall operational efficiency. In addition, businesses can extend the use of sensors to delivery vehicles, ensuring smooth distribution processes. The agri-food industry is gradually embracing Industry 4.0, with larger enterprises leading the way in adopting the latest technological advancements. However, the majority of agri-food companies in Europe, often SMEs, still lack smart sensor integration in their production setups. Many rely on manual data registration, and data interpretation is typically handled by a limited number of personnel with specific expertise, which may not be systematically documented.
6. Probiotics drinks
Fruits and vegetables are renowned for their abundance in nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals, and bioactive molecules, constituting a vital element in a well-rounded diet with proven health benefits. The incorporation of probiotics into plant-based juices for the production of functional and nutraceutical food provides a cholesterol-free and allergen-free alternative to dairy probiotics, catering to individuals with lactose intolerance. This review emphasizes the positive impact of different probiotic strains on various diseases and compares the nutritional aspects of plant-based and dairy probiotic drinks. Market trends in probiotic drinks are discussed, with a comprehensive list of current plant-based probiotic drinks available globally. The fermentability of carbon sources in fruit and vegetable juices by probiotic microorganisms is crucial, and the metabolic pathways involved in sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galactose are highlighted. The review concludes by outlining key quality monitoring factors for probiotic products, including total soluble solids, sugar consumption, titratable acidity, pH, and stability at low storage temperatures.
7. Forward Osmosis
In the realm of food processing plants, the concentration process plays a crucial role in preserving food products until they reach consumers. Australia’s CSIRO organization, in collaboration with a U.S. membrane technology company, has researched to developed an innovative preservation processing technique utilizing membrane technology for liquid concentration, known as “forward osmosis.” Forward osmosis represents a milder approach to concentrating food, requiring less energy and avoiding the use of heat. This method contributes to the natural retention of more nutrients, such as proteins and vitamins, during processing. As a result, the final product exhibits higher quality compared to those produced using traditional concentration methods.
Forward osmosis, a promising desalination technology, has demonstrated significant potential due to its lower energy requirements compared to reverse osmosis. Forward osmosis, also known as FO, can serve as a complementary method for treating brackish water, higher salinity water, and produced waters from oil and gas operations. One notable advantage is its immunity to intrinsic osmotic pressure limitations. Additionally, it exhibits greater tolerance to contaminants that could otherwise foul membranes used in reverse osmosis, especially under high pressures. Water for the food industry is provided either by local government authorities or by the food business itself. In Europe, most of the drinking water supplied to the food industry is sourced from public supplies. However, the origin of the water used for drinking water can vary and may include surface water (such as streams, rivers, and lakes), groundwater (including natural springs and wells), rainwater, and seawater (treated at desalination plants).
8. Nutraceuticals
Growing concerns about the impact of dietary habits on health and increasing demand for essential nutrients to support a healthy lifestyle have become more pronounced, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This heightened awareness among consumers is driving a significant trend in the food industry, placing nutraceuticals at the forefront. Nutraceuticals encompass a range of products, including nutritional supplements, functional foods, medicinal foods, and gut microbiome-enhancing foods like prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Ongoing scientific research on nutraceuticals highlights their potential health benefits, particularly in addressing disorders associated with oxidative stress, such as allergies, diabetes, and immune-related conditions.
An example of innovation in this space is the US-based FoodTech startup Farmhand Organics, which specializes in crafting hand-made, naturally probiotic, plant-based fermented foods using organic ingredients. The startup’s organic krauts and kimchi are designed to promote healthy digestion, contribute to maintaining balance in sleep and immunity, and offer nutrient-rich and flavourful options. Notably, Farmhand Organics prioritizes sourcing ingredients directly from family farms and local suppliers, contributing to a reduced carbon footprint associated with transportation.
In the year 2021, Brightseed and Ocean Spray joined forces to leverage Brightseed’s A.I., Forager®, to profile the components of cranberries and uncover novel connections between cranberries and human health. Through this collaboration, Ocean Spray aims to establish the most extensive nutritional profile of cranberries globally.
9. 3D Food Printers
3D food printers offer opportunities for customized diets and the development of protein-based meals, providing precision and reliability in nutritional content. While material extrusion remains the predominant method in food printing, startups are exploring innovative techniques such as laser and inkjet food printing, along with bioprinting. These inventive approaches enhance the quality and accuracy of 3D-printed food items. With a focus on meeting specific product requirements and ensuring consistent quality, ongoing research in 3D food printing aims at large-scale food production. Consequently, 3D food printing streamlines production processes and lowers costs. Moreover, it enables food brands to offer personalized food products at scale without the need for additional tooling and operational expenses.
SavorEat, an Israeli startup, specializes in creating plant-based meat. The company utilizes a combination of chef robots, proprietary 3D printing technology, and non-GMO ingredients to produce meat. Currently, SavorEat focuses on manufacturing meatless burgers with plans to diversify its offerings to include steaks, kebabs, and alternative seafood.
10. Restaurant Digitalisation
Based on research conducted by the National Restaurant Association in 2020, the restaurant sector experienced a sales decline exceeding $120 billion, leading to the layoffs or furloughs of 8 million employees by May 2020. Projections suggested that the pandemic might result in losses amounting to $240 billion by the year’s end.
The incorporation of digital technology in restaurants not only enhances customer satisfaction but also optimizes operational processes, resulting in increased efficiency. It enables restaurant brands to gather valuable data at various stages, supporting data-driven decision-making across their operations. The disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the implementation of digital management systems across the entire food and beverage supply chain. To reduce direct person-to-person contact, restaurants are incorporating digital menus, self-service kiosks, and cashless payment options.
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Carbon Black Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2%
Press ReleasesThe global carbon black market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period (2024-2029).
The global carbon black market is driven by growing industrialization, increasing infrastructure development, and rising advancement in the production of carbon black.
As per the report, the global carbon black market is expected to grow significantly.
Carbon black is a black powder created from the combustion of hydrocarbons in insufficient air. It is basically comprised of normal carbon and is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber products, especially automotive tires. Carbon black in addition utilized as a pigment in inks, paints, and coatings purposes. They are utilized broadly in different applications in businesses such as automotive, construction, and electronics due to their properties such as quality, durability, higher strength, and concentrated color. The carbon black market is encountering development due to various factors such as rising urbanization and industrialization in developing nations since it will result in an increment in construction and infrastructure advancement leading to the utilization of carbon black for construction coating and materials. In addition, the automotive industry utilizes carbon black usually in the manufacturing of vehicle tires whereas consumer goods such as electronics and appliances utilize carbon dark in ink and coatings for these products moved by legislative regulatory measures and sustainable production methods which will advance the development of the carbon black market globally amid the forecasted period. For example, in March 2024, Cabot Corporation launched PROPEL® E8 designed reinforcing carbon black for high-performance tire tread applications, planned to supply prevalent tread strength and decreased rolling resistance, handling the challenges like higher torque faced by EV. Similarly, in May 2023, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company introduced its first tire with Monolith’s carbon black as a substantial step towards zero-emissions carbon black in tire fabricating. The company utilizes Monolith’s carbon black in a new tread formulation for its ultra-high execution, all-season ElectricDrive™ GT traveler tire in measure 235/40R19, a perfect fit for vehicles.
Based on the process type, the global carbon black market is categorized into furnace black, thermal black, acetylene black, and others. Furnace black is predicted to have a major market share of carbon black because of its wide utilization in various industries specifically, the automotive and rubber industries due to its high reinforcing properties employed in multiple applications. They are versatile materials and the process of furnace black is comparatively cost-effective which makes it a preferable option for many applications.
The global carbon black market based on the grade is divided into standard grade and specialty grade. The specialty grade carbon black is anticipated to contribute significantly to the market growth due to various factors such as specialty rubber items, advanced electronic appliances, and high-performance coatings due to its high execution and specific applications.
The global carbon black market based on the application is classified into tires and industrial rubber products, plastic, toners and printing inks, coatings, textile fiber, and others. The global carbon black market will be significantly dominated by tires and industrial rubber products segments. This is due to carbon black viable application in the production of tires and its properties of increasing the product’s durability and performance. In addition, rising infrastructure development and construction projects will employ the industrial rubber product promoting carbon black utilization globally.
The global carbon black market has developed substantially in the Asia Pacific region due to various factors. Asian countries like China and India are going through extensive industrialization and urbanization which will contribute to a rise in the requirement for carbon black for multiple purposes. Moreover, the rising automotive industry and customer goods industry in the region particularly in manufacturing facilities will positively influence the carbon black market in the coming years.
The global carbon black market is supported by key players such as PCBL Limited, Birla Carbon, Continental Carbon Company, SABIC, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Cabot Corporation, Orion S.A., Cancarb Limited, Epsilon Carbon, and Himadri Speciality Chemical Ltd.
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Market Segmentation:
This analytics report segments the global carbon black market on the following basis: